Author (year) | Country of origin | Study design (data source) | Year of data | Sample | Mean age of residents (% female) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ackermann et al. (1998) [22] | USA | Retrospective chart review (ED records and data from the 1995 State of Georgia Annual Nursing Home Questionnaire) | 1995 | 10 NHs with 1300 beds and 4 hospital-based EDs | 65–74 years: 20.7%a 75–84 years: 34.3%a 85+ years: 29.0% (67.4%) |
Hsiao and Hing (2014) [15] | USA | Cross-sectional study (data from the ED component of the 2001–2008 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)) | 2001–2008 | NHRs ≥ 65 years (no sample size given) | No data available |
Kihlgren et al. (2014) [14] | Sweden | Cross-sectional follow-up study (RN’s documentation + Residents Assessment Instrument/Minimum Data Set (MDS)) | 2000–2002 | 719 NHRs ≥ 75 years from 24 NHs | Ø 85.8 years (71.0%) |
LaMantia et al. (2016) [23] | USA | Retrospective cohort study (merged data set of Medicare and Medicaid claims and resident-level Minimum Data Set (MDS)) | 1999–2009 | 4491 long-stay NHRs ≥65 years | Ø 79.6 years (66.2%)a |
McGregor et al. (2014) [18] | Canada | Retrospective cohort study (secondary administrative data on NHRs and ED records) | 2005–2008 | 13,140 NHRs from 48 publicly funded NHs | Ø 83.1 years (66.6%) |
Stephens et al. (2012) [24] | USA | Cross-sectional study (NH resident assessment data/Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) administrative claims)b | 2006 | 132,753 NHRs ≥ 65 years from 2006 national random sample | 65–75 years: 19.5% 76–85 years: 41.2% 86+ years: 39.3% (68.7%)a |
Stephens et al. (2014) [25] | USA | Retrospective cohort study (Medicare administrative claims and NH resident assessment data/Minimum Data Set (MDS))b | 2006 | 112,421 NHRs ≥ 65 years from 2006 national sample | 65–75 years: 19.6% 76–85 years: 41.0% 86+ years: 39.4% (68.9%) |