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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Age and sex differences in emergency department visits of nursing home residents: a systematic review

Author (year)

Country of origin

Study design (data source)

Year of data

Sample

Mean age of residents (% female)

Ackermann et al. (1998) [22]

USA

Retrospective chart review (ED records and data from the 1995 State of Georgia Annual Nursing Home Questionnaire)

1995

10 NHs with 1300 beds and 4 hospital-based EDs

65–74 years: 20.7%a

75–84 years: 34.3%a

85+ years: 29.0%

(67.4%)

Hsiao and Hing (2014) [15]

USA

Cross-sectional study (data from the ED component of the 2001–2008 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS))

2001–2008

NHRs ≥ 65 years (no sample size given)

No data available

Kihlgren et al. (2014) [14]

Sweden

Cross-sectional follow-up study (RN’s documentation + Residents Assessment Instrument/Minimum Data Set (MDS))

2000–2002

719 NHRs ≥ 75 years from 24 NHs

Ø 85.8 years (71.0%)

LaMantia et al. (2016) [23]

USA

Retrospective cohort study (merged data set of Medicare and Medicaid claims and resident-level Minimum Data Set (MDS))

1999–2009

4491 long-stay NHRs ≥65 years

Ø 79.6 years (66.2%)a

McGregor et al. (2014) [18]

Canada

Retrospective cohort study (secondary administrative data on NHRs and ED records)

2005–2008

13,140 NHRs from 48 publicly funded NHs

Ø 83.1 years (66.6%)

Stephens et al. (2012) [24]

USA

Cross-sectional study (NH resident assessment data/Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) administrative claims)b

2006

132,753 NHRs ≥ 65 years from 2006 national random sample

65–75 years: 19.5%

76–85 years: 41.2%

86+ years: 39.3%

(68.7%)a

Stephens et al. (2014) [25]

USA

Retrospective cohort study (Medicare administrative claims and NH resident assessment data/Minimum Data Set (MDS))b

2006

112,421 NHRs ≥ 65 years from 2006 national sample

65–75 years: 19.6%

76–85 years: 41.0%

86+ years: 39.4%

(68.9%)

  1. NH, nursing home; Ø, mean; ED, emergency department; RN, registered nurses
  2. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is part of the federally mandated process for clinical assessment of all residents in Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes
  3. aCalculated from data given in the publication
  4. bThese articles used the same data set