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Table 3 Zero-inflated ordered probit regression estimates of pain Among Older Adults in Yichang, China

From: Pain perception of older adults in nursing home and home care settings: evidence from China

 

Zero-inflated ordered probit regression (unmatched)

Propensity score adjusted regression (matched)

 

Coef.

Std. Err.

P > z

Coef.

Std. Err.

P > z

Nursing home

0.088

0.196

0.655

0.489

0.169

0.004

Age

0.002

0.012

0.833

0.000

0.010

0.992

Male

−0.403

0.165

0.015

−0.538

0.138

0.000

Marital status

 (ref. not married)

  Married with spouse present

−0.826

0.418

0.048

0.227

0.286

0.428

  Widowed

−0.634

0.433

0.143

0.038

0.275

0.891

Education attainment

 

 (ref. no education)

  Primary school

−0.489

0.235

0.038

0.001

0.176

0.997

  Secondary school

−0.186

0.218

0.393

−0.110

0.173

0.524

  High school and above

−0.569

0.302

0.060

−0.393

0.264

0.137

Primary caregiver

 (ref. None)

  Spouse

0.836

0.308

0.007

0.086

0.207

0.677

  Children

0.831

0.305

0.006

0.119

0.215

0.580

Have insurance

−0.105

0.321

0.744

−0.181

0.234

0.438

Monthly income

 (ref. less than 4000 RMB)

  4000+ RMB

−0.310

0.186

0.096

−0.087

0.145

0.549

No. of behavioral problems

−0.941

0.467

0.044

−0.314

0.369

0.394

Depression score

0.066

0.024

0.007

0.042

0.020

0.035

Mobility

 (ref. independent)

  Walks with assistance

−0.185

0.184

0.316

0.073

0.153

0.631

  Wheelchair-dependent

0.782

0.315

0.013

−0.067

0.240

0.779

  Bedbound

–

–

 

–

–

 

Toileting

 (ref. Independent)

  Some supervision

0.334

0.356

0.348

0.140

0.303

0.644

  Complete supervision

1.201

0.656

0.067

0.568

1.118

0.611

  Some assistance

0.674

0.585

0.249

0.150

0.419

0.720

  Complete assistance

0.321

0.504

0.524

0.197

0.424

0.642

  Most assistance

1.251

0.634

0.049

0.353

0.736

0.631

  Dependent

0.195

0.370

0.598

0.207

0.290

0.475

Have dementia

0.034

0.265

0.897

0.023

0.217

0.917

No. of chronic disease

1.231

0.579

0.033

2.438

0.520

0.000

Have at least one ulcer

1.791

0.808

0.027

0.864

0.471

0.067

Had inpatient service in last 90 days

0.288

0.220

0.190

0.098

0.180

0.586

Constant

−0.088

0.928

0.924

−0.713

0.807

0.377

cut1

−0.864

1.881

 

−2.008

9.759

 

cut2

3.240

1.760

 

2.589

1.234

 

AIC

1246.717

  

941.125

  

BIC

1471.536

  

1165.944

  

N

484

  

484

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