The theoretical and empirical basis of a BioPsychoSocial (BPS) risk screener for detection of older people’s health related needs, planning of community programs, and targeted care interventions

Table 4 Adjusted regression analysis (logistic, Odds Ratios) for Observed Cognitive Function, n = 1325 participants aged 60 and over

Model	Domain	Level	OR (95% CI, P-value)	P-value	Linear trend (95%CI, P-value)
Model with individual domain managing counts^a	Biological	No risk	Reference	< 0.01	2.86 (2.34 to 3.49, < 0.01)
		Some risk	1.87 (1.24 to 2.81, < 0.01)
		High risk	7.66 (5.19 to 11.29, < 0.01)
	Psychological	No risk	Reference	0.12	1.26 (1.00 to 1.59, 0.05)
		Some risk	1.43 (0.95 to 2.14, 0.09)
		High risk	1.47 (0.88 to 2.44, 0.14)
	Social	No risk	Reference	< 0.01	1.51 (1.25 to 1.83, < 0.01)
		Some risk	1.82 (1.24 to 2.66, < 0.01)
		High risk	2.35 (1.59 to 3.46, < 0.01)
Model with managing scores^b	BioPsychoSocial	Doing well	Reference	< 0.01	2.78 (2.29 to 3.39, < 0.01)
		Some problems	2.82 (1.93 to 4.13, < 0.01)
		Many problems	8.64 (5.62 to 13.3, < 0.01)
		Overwhelming problems	12.77 (4.95 to 32.91, < 0.01)

^aThe individual B, P, S categories were put into the same model with the following covariates: age, gender, ethnicity, income and education
^bLikewise, the combined managing score categories were put into a model with the following covariates: age, gender, ethnicity, income and education

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