Table 1 Identification and Definition of Study Variables
Variable Group | Data Source | Identification and/or Definition |
|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic Characteristics | Enrollment Files, Claims, Minimum Data Set | Patient age at BAM initiation, gender, race, nursing home geographic region, calculated Body Mass Index (BMI) |
Minimum Data Set | Categories were collapsed as follows: Intact, Borderline Intact/Mild Impairment, Moderate Impairment, Moderate-severe/Severe/Very Severe Impairment. | |
Behavioral Score [56] | Minimum Data Set | Total score includes sum of score of five items, where every item is measured on a scale from 0 (behavior not present in past 7Â days) to 3 (behavior is daily), with a total score possibility between 0 and 15 points. The items include wandering (item E4a), verbally abusive behavior (item E4b), physically abusive behavior (item E4c), socially inappropriate or disruptive behavioral symptoms (item E4d), and resistance to care (item E4e). |
Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease and Symptoms and Signs (CHESS) [48] | Minimum Data Set | Categories were collapsed as follows: Score of 0, Score of 1 or 2, Score of 3, Score of 4 or 5. |
Activities of Daily Living [49] | Minimum Data Set | Total score range from 0 to 28. |
Elixhauser Comorbidities [50] | Minimum Data Set | Diagnosis indicators for: congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral vascular disorders, hypertension (uncomplicated and complicated), diabetes (uncomplicated and complicated), renal failure, AIDS/HIV, weight loss, paralysis, other neurological disorders, psychoses, depression, blood loss anemia. |
Other Comorbidities | Minimum Data Set, Claims | Diagnosis of: hemiplegia/hemiparesis, paraplegia, quadriplegia, aphasia, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, manic depression/bipolar disease, schizophrenia. |
Continence-Related Measures | Minimum Data Set | Bladder continence (item H1B), bowel continence (item H1A), bowel elimination patterns (items H2A, H2B, H2C, H2D), continence management (scheduled toileting plan [item H3A], bladder retraining program [item H3B], external catheter [item H3C], indwelling catheter [item H3D], intermittent catheter [item H3E], pads/briefs used [item H3G], no appliance or program [item H3J]). |
Infection | Minimum Data Set | Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in last 30Â days (item I2J). |
Balance and Gait | Minimum Data Set | Balance while standing (item G3A), balance while sitting (item G3B), unsteady gait (item J1 N), fell in past 30 days (item J4A), fell in past 31–180 days (item J4B), hip fracture in last 180 days (item J4C), other fracture in last 180 days (item J4D). |
Total Medications and Concomitant Medications | Claims | Total number of medications were counted for last 7Â days and categorized as: 0 medications, 1 to 5, 6 to 10, or >10 medications. Concomitant medication classes included: calcium channel blockers, cognitive enhancers, antiparkinson, diuretics, antipsychotics, antivertigo, beta blockers, anxiolytic sedative/hypnotics, ACE inhibitors, antidepressants, ARB, alpha blockers, anticonvulsant, vasodilators, benzodiazepines. |
Anticholinergic Burden/ADS Score [51] | Claims | Calculated from concomitant medications after removal of prescribed BAM medications. |