Baseline characteristics | Characteristic is missinga | Characteristic is time-varyingb | Characteristic's association withthe propensity for physical activity (treatment)c | p | Characteristic's association with transition to disability (outcome)d | p | Association with treatment and/or outcomee | Variables included in final modeling | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at baseline (mean (SD)) | 74.1 (5.0) | 0.0 | NA | 1.0 (1.0 - 1.0) | 0.190 | 1.1 (1.0 - 1.1) | <0.001 | outcome only | x |
Gender (% female) | 54.8 | 0.0 | NA | 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) | 0.360 | 0.9 (0.7 - 1.1) | 0.250 | none | |
Level of education (%)f | 51.3 | 0.2 | NA | 2.0 (1.5 - 2.7) | <0.001 | 0.5 (0.4 - 0.6) | <0.001 | both | x |
Marital status (%) | 22.4 | 6.6 | 0.016 | 0.032 | both | x | |||
Single | 4.9 | reference | reference | ||||||
Married or partnership | 63.1 | 2.1 (1.0 - 4.3) | 0.055 | 0.7 (0.4 - 1.2) | 0.220 | ||||
Widowed | 27.3 | 1.4 (0.7 - 3.1) | 0.340 | 1.0 (0.6 - 1.9) | 0.960 | ||||
Separated | 4.7 | 3.8 (1.4 - 10.3) | 0.008 | 0.5 (0.2 - 1.3) | 0.160 | ||||
White matter pathology (%)f | 0.0 | NA | <0.001 | <0.001 | both | x | |||
Mild | 44.4 | reference | reference | ||||||
Moderate | 30.9 | 0.9 (0.6 - 1.2) | 0.420 | 1.6 (1.1 - 2.3) | 0.009 | ||||
Severe | 24.7 | 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7) | <0.001 | 3.2 (2.3 - 4.4) | <0.001 | ||||
Stroke (%)g,f | 7.2 | 0.0 | NA | 1.0 (0.5 - 1.8) | 1.000 | 1.7 (1.1 - 2.6) | 0.021 | outcome only | x |
Alcohol consumption (%)f | 55.6 | 0.3 | NA | 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) | 0.670 | 0.9 (0.7 - 1.1) | 0.320 | none | |
Atrial fibrillation (%)g | 7.5 | 23.0 | 5.3 | 1.1 (0.6 - 1.8) | 0.820 | 1.7 (1.1 - 2.5) | 0.013 | outcome only | x |
Angina pectoris (%)g | 15.4 | 23.2 | 12.1 | 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) | 0.050 | 1.5 (1.0 - 2.1) | 0.040 | both | x |
Anxiety or depressed mood (%)f,g | 36.8 | 23.6 | 32.6 | 0.4 (0.3 - 0.5) | <0.001 | 1.8 (1.4 - 2.4) | <0.001 | both | x |
Body mass index (kg/m2; mean(SD))f | 26.2 (4.2) | 34.1 | 30.4 | 0.060 | 0.266 | treatment only | |||
Middle tertile (range) | 24.2 - 27.3 | reference | reference | ||||||
First tertile (range) | 16.4 - 24.2 | 1.2 (0.9 - 1.8) | 0.250 | 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) | 0.140 | ||||
Last tertile (range) | 27.3 - 47.8 | 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) | 0.150 | 1.3 (0.9 - 1.8) | 0.190 | ||||
Chronic pain (%)g | 33.0 | 23.0 | 27.2 | 0.4 (0.3 - 0.5) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.9 - 1.5) | 0.300 | treatment only | |
Complaints of gait disturbance (%)g | 40.8 | 23.5 | 30.8 | 0.3 (0.2 - 0.4) | <0.001 | 2.6 (1.9 - 3.4) | <0.001 | both | x |
History of falls (%)g | 28.6 | 22.7 | 39.6 | 0.6 (0.4 - 0.8) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.4 - 2.5) | <0.001 | both | x |
Major depressive episode (%)f,g | 6.1 | 22.5 | 9.1 | 0.6 (0.3 - 1.2) | 0.130 | 2.9 (1.9 - 4.5) | <0.001 | outcome only | x |
MMSE (%)f | 11.8 | 23.5 | 14.4 | 0.5 (0.3 - 0.7) | <0.001 | 4.1 (3.1 - 5.5) | <0.001 | both | x |
Osteoarthritis (%)g | 28.1 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 0.7 (0.5 - 1.0) | 0.032 | 0.8 (0.6 - 1.1) | 0.170 | treatment only | |
Peripheral vascular disease (%)g | 7.2 | 24.1 | 6.6 | 0.5 (0.3 - 0.8) | 0.006 | 1.2 (0.7 - 1.9) | 0.510 | treatment only | |
Smoking (%)g | 45.8 | 0.2 | NA | 1.0 (0.7 - 1.3) | 0.870 | 0.9 (0.7 - 1.2) | 0.370 | none | |
Syncopal episodes (%)g | 16.6 | 23.5 | 17.7 | 0.5 (0.3 - 1.0) | 0.036 | 2.4 (1.5 - 3.9) | <0.001 | both | x |