Table 3 Sarcopenia criteria, groups and prevalence

Sato T et al. 2016 [21] (n = 293)

Hand grip strength

High HGS ≥ GSL 20%

Low HGS<GSL 20%

<27.5 kg in men

<16.2 kg in women

High HGS

Low HGS

239(81.57%)

54(18.43%)

Fukuda Y et al., 2016 [22] (n = 99)

EWGSOP

4-m Gait speed

≤0.8 m/s

Sarcopenic

Non-sarcopenic

21(21.21%)

78(78.79%)

hand grip strength

<30 kg for men

<20 kg for women

whole-body skeletal muscle mass(BIA)

<8.87 kg/m² for men

<6.42 kg/m² for women

Wang S-L et al., 2016 [23] (n = 255)

EWGSOP

AWGS

L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI)

<36.0 cm²/m² in men

<29.0 cm²/m² in women

Sarcopenic

Non-sarcopenic

32(12.50%)

223(87.50%)

hand grip strength

<26 kg for men

<18 kg for women

6-m gait speed

≤0.8 m/s

Tegels JJW et al., 2015 [15] (n = 149)

EWGSOP

L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI)

43 cm²/m² for males with BMI < 25.0 cm²/m²

53 cm²/m² for males with BMI ≥25.0 cm²/m²

in females threshold for sarcopenia was 41 cm²/m²

Sarcopenic

Non-sarcopenic

86(57.70%)

63(42.30%)

Zhuang CL et al., 2016 [24] (n = 937)

Skeletal Muscle Mass

L3 skeletal muscle index (A cross-sectional CT image)

34.9 cm²/m² for women

40.8 cm2/m2 for men

Sarcopenic

Non-sarcopenic

389(41.50%)

548(58.50%)

Chen FF et al., 2016 [19] (n = 158)

EWGSOP and AWGS

L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI)

<34.9 cm²/m² for women

<40.8 cm²/m² for men

Sarcopenic

Non-sarcopenic

39(24.70%)

119(75.30%)

hand grip strength

<26 kg for men

<18 kg for women

6-musual gait speed

<0.8 m/s

Nishigori T et al., 2016 [25] (n = 157)

Skeletal muscle mass

L3 skeletal muscle index (A cross-sectional CT image)

≤52.4cm²/m² for men

≤38.5cm²/m² for women

sarcopenic nonobesity

sarcopenic obesity

nonsarcopenic nonobesity

nonsarcopenic obesity

52(33.12%)

45(28.66%)

32(20.38%)

28(17.83%)