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Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression analyses of instrumental activities of daily living classesa. Unit: Odds ratio (95% CI)

From: Patterns of instrumental activities of daily living and association with predictors among community-dwelling older women: A latent class analysis

Variables

Class 2

(PD-All)

Class 3

(PD-MP)

Class 4

(TD-All)

Class 5

(PD-HFLT)

Age (≥80 years)

7.53 (5.00, 11.34)***

3.08 (2.35, 4.02)***

5.30 (2.88, 9.76)***

3.47 (2.73, 4.41)***

BMI (underweight)

2.21 (1.24, 3.96)**

0.88 (0.51, 1.50)

1.87 (0.71, 4.94)

1.86 (1.25, 2.75)**

  (overweight/obese)

1.06 (0.71, 1.60)

0.89 (0.67, 1.19)

1.26 (0.70, 2.29)

0.89 (0.69, 1.13)

Education (illiterate)

3.06 (1.70, 5.52)***

44.75 (12.08,165.81)***

1.64 (0.77, 3.52)

1.47 (1.05, 2.07)*

   (elementary)

1.15 (0.60, 2.20)

10.58 (2.79, 40.06)**

0.74 (0.32, 1.73)

1.42 (1.01, 1.98)*

Residence (metropolitan)

1.39 (0.91, 2.12)

0.51 (0.40, 0.66)***

2.18 (1.05, 4.55)*

1.13 (0.87, 1.47)

Comorbidities

 Hypertension (yes)

1.18 (0.80, 1.74)

1.01 (0.77, 1.31)

0.97 (0.54, 1.74)

1.14 (0.90, 1.44)

 Stroke (yes)

3.12 (1.83, 5.31)***

1.40 (0.86, 2.27)

7.23 (3.76, 13.87)***

2.34 (1.64, 3.32)***

 DM (yes)

1.83 (1.23, 2.72)**

1.26 (0.93, 1.69)

2.11 (1.18, 3.77)*

1.93 (1.52, 2.45)***

 Arthritis (yes)

0.70 (0.48, 1.01)

0.91 (0.70, 1.17)

0.93 (0.53, 1.63)

1.18 (0.95, 1.48)

 UI (yes)

1.89 (1.14, 3.13)*

1.41 (0.95, 2.09)

2.06 (0.98, 4.30)

1.79 (1.32, 2.44)***

 Depression (yes)

2.28 (1.17, 4.43)*

0.53 (0.23, 1.21)

0.10 (0.00, 5.10)

1.07 (0.65, 1.77)

Experience of falls (yes)

1.98 (1.39, 2.83)***

1.36 (1.05, 1.76)*

1.24 (0.71, 2.19)

2.39 (1.92, 2.97)***

Cognitive status (decreased)

4.49 (3.12, 6.45)***

2.30 (1.79, 2.96)***

13.21 (6.53, 26.73)***

2.11 (1.69, 2.63)***

  1. PD-All partial dependency for all instrumental activities of daily living items, PD-MP partial dependence for the handling money and phone use items of instrumental activities of daily living, TD-All total dependence for all instrumental activities of daily living items, PD-HFLT partial dependence for the housekeeping, food preparation, laundry, and mode of transportation items of instrumental activities of daily living, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, UI urinary incontinence
  2. aReference group: Class 1, * p-value < .05, ** p-value < .01, *** p-value <.001