Table 2 Relationships between class membership and the subjects’ characteristics. Unit: n (%)
Variables | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | Class 5 | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5093 (83.6) | 181 (3.0) | 308 (5.1) | 113 (1.8) | 401 (6.6) | |||
Age (years) | |||||||
65–79 | 4164 (81.8) | 58 (32.2) | 141 (45.6) | 37 (33.0) | 204 (51.0) | 679.1 | < .001 |
≥ 80 | 929 (18.2) | 122 (67.8) | 168 (54.4) | 75 (67.0) | 196 (49.0) | ||
BMI | |||||||
Underweight | 219 (4.3) | 24 (13.3) | 19 (6.2) | 13 (11.5) | 40 (10.0) | 72.1 | < .001 |
Normal | 3194 (62.7) | 112 (61.9) | 207 (67.2) | 75 (66.4) | 251 (62.6) | ||
Overweight/obese | 1679 (33.0) | 45 (24.9) | 82 (26.6) | 25 (22.1) | 110 (27.4) | ||
Marriage | |||||||
Having a spouse | 2380 (46.7) | 57 (31.7) | 77 (25.0) | 27 (23.9) | 113 (28.2) | 130.3 | < .001 |
No spousea | 2712 (53.3) | 123 (68.3) | 231 (75.0) | 86 (76.1) | 287 (71.8) | ||
Education | |||||||
Illiterate | 1934 (38.0) | 119 (66.1) | 263 (85.1) | 63 (56.3) | 199 (19.6) | 352.2 | < .001 |
Elementary | 1842 (36.2) | 33 (18.3) | 44 (14.2) | 32 (28.6) | 146 (36.4) | ||
≥ Middle school | 1317 (25.9) | 28 (15.6) | 2 (0.6) | 17 (15.2) | 56 (14.0) | ||
Residence | |||||||
Metropolitan | 3929 (77.2) | 140 (77.3) | 165 (53.4) | 94 (83.2) | 308 (76.8) | 93.9 | < .001 |
Nonmetropolitan | 1163 (22.8) | 41 (22.7) | 144 (46.6) | 19 (16.8) | 93 (23.2) | ||
Comorbidities | |||||||
Hypertension | 3016 (59.2) | 123 (68.0) | 191 (61.8) | 72 (63.7) | 270 (67.3) | 16.0 | .003 |
Stroke | 262 (5.1) | 27 (14.9) | 21 (6.8) | 28 (25.0) | 46 (11.5) | 118.9 | < .001 |
DM | 1102 (21.6) | 61 (33.7) | 71 (23.0) | 32 (28.6) | 135 (33.7) | 44.8 | < .001 |
Arthritis | 2463 (48.4) | 90 (49.7) | 163 (52.9) | 47 (41.6) | 228 (56.9) | 15.1 | .004 |
UI | 419 (8.2) | 35 (19.3) | 35 (11.4) | 30 (26.8) | 67 (16.7) | 93.2 | < .001 |
Depression | 225 (4.4) | 16 (8.9) | 6 (1.9) | 5 (4.4) | 19 (4.7) | 13.0 | .011 |
Experience of falls | |||||||
Yes | 1409 (27.7) | 87 (48.3) | 114 (37.0) | 49 (43.4) | 202 (50.4) | 135.9 | < .001 |
No | 3684 (72.3) | 93 (51.7) | 194 (63.0) | 64 (56.6) | 199 (49.6) | ||
Cognitive statusb | |||||||
Normal | 3771 (74.2) | 51 (36.4) | 155 (52.4) | 10 (17.2) | 216 (55.7) | 277.5 | < .001 |
Decreased | 1314 (25.8) | 89 (63.6) | 141 (47.6) | 48 (82.8) | 172 (44.3) | ||