Non-couples n = 59 | Couples n = 68 | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 71.9 ± 5.2 | 69.5 ± 3.8 | 0.003 |
Gender, men/women | 11/48 | 34/34 | < 0.001 |
Cohabitee, n (%) | |||
Spouse | 38 (64.4) | 68 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Child | 15 (25.4) | 33 (48.5) | 0.007 |
Grandchild | 3 (5.1) | 14 (20.6) | 0.010 |
Living alone, n (%) | 12 (20.3) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Medical history, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 20 (33.9) | 28 (41.2) | 0.399 |
Diabetes | 7 (11.9) | 9 (13.2) | 0.816 |
Heat disease | 6 (10.2) | 3 (4.4) | 0.207 |
Respiratory disease | 4 (6.8) | 2 (2.9) | 0.309 |
Osteoporosis | 1 (1.7) | 5 (7.4) | 0.134 |
Hyperlipidemia | 11 (18.6) | 10 (14.7) | 0.551 |
Osteoarthritis | 7 (11.9) | 3 (4.4) | 0.120 |
Joint pain, n (%) | |||
Low back pain | 11 (18.6) | 14 (20.6) | 0.783 |
Shoulder pain | 13 (22.0) | 8 (11.8) | 0.120 |
Hip pain | 7 (11.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0.051 |
Knee pain | 14 (23.7) | 13 (19.1) | 0.526 |
Social support score | |||
Family | 29.8 ± 10.5 | 33.8 ± 10.7 | 0.035 |
Friends | 30.7 ± 10.6 | 24.8 ± 10.5 | 0.002 |
Exercise instructor | 24.3 ± 11.3 | 22.6 ± 12.0 | 0.419 |