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Fig. 1 | BMC Geriatrics

Fig. 1

From: Physical activity, body functions and disability among middle-aged and older Spanish adults

Fig. 1

Upper. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework (ICF, adapted from the World Health Organization diagram): arrows indicate different statistical modeling approaches, taking physical activity as a personal factor potentially determined by health conditions (diagnoses), body functions, or activities and participation. The direction of red arrows indicates the role of independent, potentially causal variables and of physical activity as the dependent variable in models. Blue arrows suggest the main determinant and complex interplay of non-environmental determinants of physical activity in the ICF framework. Lower. Suggested main causal interpretation of study results from models, taking into account biologically plausible function loss and reported effect of function impairment on activity and participation. Blue arrow represents suggested temporal phenomena as intermediary steps in the causal chain

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