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Table 1 Prevalence and incidence of frailty by blood glucose status

From: The prevalence and incidence of frailty in Pre-diabetic and diabetic community-dwelling older population: results from Beijing longitudinal study of aging II (BLSA-II)

 

Prevalence of frailty

Incidence of Frailty

 

Non-diabetes

(n = 6410)

N (%)

Pre-diabetes

(n = 875)

N (%)

Diabetes

(n = 2634)

N (%)

P value

Non-diabetes

(n = 4019)

N (%)

Pre-diabetes

(n = 573)

N (%)

Diabetes (n = 1575)

N (%)

P value

Overall

764 (11.92)

100 (11.43)

509 (19.32)

<.0001

283 (7.04)

50 (8.73)

194 (12.32)

<.0001

Residence

 Urban

722 (14.51)

91 (14.70)

483 (22.2)

<.0001

247 (7.76)

45 (10.71)

184 (14.10)

<.0001

 Rural

42 (2.93)

9 (3.52)

26 (5.62)

0.0254

36 (4.31)

5 (3.27)

10 (3.70)

0.7925

Gender

 Male

249 (9.97)

29 (8.12)

160 (16.39)

<.0001

95 (5.82)

21 (8.57)

61 (9.65)

0.0038

 Female

515 (13.16)

71 (13.71)

349 (21.05)

<.0001

188 (7.87)

29 (8.84)

133 (14.10)

<.0001

Age group

 55–64

70 (3.84)

8 (3.00)

51 (8.12)

<.0001

33 (2.76)

8 (4.44)

19 (4.62)

0.1370

 65–74

285 (10.51)

41 (11.17)

2013 (17.67)

<.0001

114 (6.36)

23 (9.24)

81 (11.22)

0.0002

 75–84

362 (21.17)

41 (18.64)

234 (28.85)

<.0001

116 (12.17)

18 (13.14)

86 (20.33)

0.0003

 ≥85

47 (28.83)

10 (47.62)

22 (42.31)

0.0712

20 (25.32)

1 (14.29)

8 (42.11)

0.2433

Coexisting co-morbidity

 0

16 (0.78)

1 (0.39)

11 (1.99)

0.0237

42 (3.09)

7 (4.09)

29 (7.55)

0.0005

 1–2

356 (10.27)

43 (8.65)

200 (13.55)

0.0007

174 (7.69)

31 (8.88)

95 (9.88)

0.1164

 ≥3

392 (43.56)

56 (45.90)

298 (49.34)

0.0877

67 (16.92)

12 (22.64)

70 (30.57)

0.0004

Polypharmacy/day

 0–3

409 (7.70)

45 (6.25)

149 (9.19)

0.0353

206 (5.97)

41 (8.47)

116 (10.84)

<.0001

 ≥4

354 (33.24)

55 (36.67)

359 (36.19)

0.3299

75 (13.69)

9 (10.59)

74 (15.04)

0.5210

Anti-diabetic medication

 Never

/

/

68 (10.86)

 

/

/

36 (8.82)

0.1794

 Occasionally

/

/

11 (22.00)

 

/

/

5 (15.63)

 

 Regularly

/

/

430 (21.96)

 

/

/

153 (13.48)

 

BMI status

 <19

58 (22.75)

4 (23.53)

19 (30.65)

0.4275

12 (9.30)

0

1 (2.94)

0.3112

 19–28

547 (10.61)

64 (9.61)

373 (18.18)

<.0001

224 (6.85)

34 (7.71)

148 (11.94)

<.0001

 ≥28

154 (15.88)

32 (17.11)

114 (22.53)

0.0065

47 (7.83)

16 (13.33)

43 (14.68)

0.0040

Hours of outdoor activity/day

 0

93 (32.18)

13 (28.26)

57 (43.18)

0.0545

7 (5.74)

4 (15.38)

4/49 (8.16)

0.2389

 <0.5 h

171 (15.21)

26 (16.05)

127 (26.19)

<.0001

51 (7.10)

16 (14.16)

44 (15.88)

<.0001

 0.5–1 h

353 (12.32)

46 (13.03)

227 (18.49)

<.0001

146 (7.71)

20 (8.62)

93 (12.13)

0.0014

 2–3 h

125 (8.09)

13 (5.99)

83 (13.65)

<.0001

58 (6.24)

10 (7.04)

43 (11.75)

0.0036

 ≥4 h

22 (3.88)

2 (2.13)

15 (8.47)

0.0189

21 (6.12)

0 (0)

10 (8.93)

0.0680

Doing or helping with house work

 Never

160 (22.22)

23 (20.18)

116 (29.90)

0.0096

33 (9.02)

6 (10.53)

31 (15.82)

0.0517

 Occasionally

252 (11.09)

41 (12.89)

173 (18.21)

<.0001

111 (7.61)

22 (10.38)

73 (12.56)

0.0017

 Regularly

352 (10.30)

36 (8.13)

220 (16.98)

<.0001

139 (6.34)

22 (7.24)

90 (11.28)

<.0001