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Table 3 Mean encouragement of ADL, household activities and miscellaneous activities per professional characteristic and contextual factor

From: Do nursing staff encourage functional activity among nursing home residents? A cross-sectional study of nursing staff perceived behaviors and associated factors

 

ADL subscale

Household activities subscale

Miscellaneous activities subscale

Meana

SD

Meana

SD

Meana

SD

Professional characteristics

 Gender

  Male

6.9

(1.2)

4.5

(1.8)

6.6

(1.3)

  Female

7.0

(1.2)

4.4

(1.7)

6.7

(1.5)

 Ageb

   ≤ 35 years

6.9

(1.2)

4.2

(1.6)

6.5c

(1.5)

   > 35 years ≤50

7.1

(1.1)

4.6

(1.7)

6.9c

(1.3)

   > 50 years

7.1

(1.3)

4.4

(1.8)

6.7

(1.6)

 Profession/educational level

  CNA

7.1

(1.2)

4.4

(1.7)

6.8

(1.5)

  RN

6.9

(1.2)

4.4

(1.8)

6.5

(1.4)

 Professional experienceb

   ≤ 10 years

7.0

(1.2)

4.3

(1.7)

6.7

(1.5)

   > 10 years ≤20

6.9

(1.2)

4.3

(1.7)

6.6

(1.6)

   > 20 years

7.1

(1.2)

4.6

(1.8)

6.8

(1.4)

 Work hours per weekb

   ≥ 12 h per week ≤26

7.0

(1.5)

4.3

(1.5)

6.6

(1.4)

   > 26 h per week < 32

7.0

(1.0)

4.5

(1.7)

6.5d

(1.5)

   ≥ 32 h per week

7.0

(1.3)

4.4

(1.9)

6.9d

(1.4)

Contextual factors

 Ward type

  Psychogeriatric ward

7.1

(1.2)

4.8e

1.6

6.9e

(1.4)

  Somatic ward

6.9

(1.2)

3.7e

1.6

6.4e

(1.4)

 Staff mix: proportion of nurses in the ward

  ≤ 0.11

7.0

(1.2)

4.4

(1.7)

6.8

(1.5)

  > 11

7.0

(1.2)

4.4

(1.8)

6.6

(1.4)

  1. CNA Certified nurse assistant, RN Vocationally-trained or bachelor-educated registered nurse
  2. aUnadjusted means are presented, these are similar to the estimated marginal means resulting from the hierarchical linear regression analyses (random intercept; level 1 - nursing staff, level 2 - nursing home) between each independent variable and each subscale of the MAINtAIN-behaviors (range 1–9). Indicated statistical significant differences (p < 0.05) are based on these analyses. No additional variables were added to the models. ICCs range from 0.06-0.10, 0.16-0.19 and 0.02-0.05 for the models with the outcome measure ADL, household activities and miscellaneous activities, respectively
  3. bFor variables with three categories, each category was used as a reference for the other two. Because of these variables and to increase the comprehensibility of the table, no p-values are presented
  4. cStatistical significant differences between age ‘≤35 years’ and ‘>35 years ≤50’
  5. dStatistical significant difference between working ‘>26 h per week < 32’ and ‘≥32 h per week’
  6. eStatistical significant difference between psychogeriatric ward and somatic ward
  7. Due to missing data, sample size for each analysis varies from 311 to 366