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Table 1 Socio-demographic and health behavioural characteristics by diabetes medication use, adults aged 50+ years, China and India, SAGE Wave 1, 2007–2010

From: Diabetes mellitus medication use and catastrophic healthcare expenditure among adults aged 50+ years in China and India: results from the WHO study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

 

China

India

No meds

Meds

Total

No meds (N = 134)

Meds (N = 329)

Total

N (a %)

N (a %)

N (a %)

N (a %)

N (a %)

N (a %)

Overall

101 (13.1)

672 (86.9)

773 (100)

134 (28.9)

329 (71.1)

463 (100)

Lifestyle modification

 No

54 (59.4)***

138 (18.8)

192 (24.7)

104 (66.9)**

97 (30.1)

201 (39.9)

 Yes

47 (40.6)

534 (81.2)

581 (75.3)

30 (33.1)

232 (69.9)

262 (60.1)

Sex

 Male

50 (49.4)*

275 (40.1)

325 (41.4)

73 (67.4)

180 (60.9)

253 (62.7)

 Female

51 (50.6)

397 (59.9)

448 (58.6)

61 (32.6)

149 (39.1)

210 (37.3)

Age groups (years)

 50–59

33 (36.1)

185 (28.2)

218 (29.4)

53 (57.3)

135 (50.8)

188 (52.5)

 60–69

33 (34.7)

235 (38.7)

268 (38.1)

48 (26.7)

117 (28.6)

165 (28.1)

 70–79

30 (26.2)

204 (27.4)

234 (27.2)

24 (11.4)

65 (18.1)

89 (16.3)

 80+

5 (3.1)

48 (5.8)

53 (5.4)

9 (4.6)

12 (2.5)

21 (3.1)

Residence

 Urban

71 (67.0)

522 (75.0)

593 (73.8)

64 (44.7)

172 (48.9)

236 (47.8)

 Rural

30 (33.0)

150 (25.0)

180 (26.2)

70 (55.3)

157 (51.1)

227 (52.2)

Marital status

 Never married

1 (2.0)

2 (0.3)

3 (0.6)

1 (0.1)

2 (0.03)

3 (0.06)

 Married/cohabitating

87 (87.5)

549 (83.5)

636 (84.1)

91 (82.8)

257 (84.3)

348 (83.9)

 Divorced/widowed

13 (10.5)

121 (16.2)

134 (15.3)

42 (17.0)

70 (15.7)

112 (16.1)

Educational attainment

 University or higher

9 (5.9)

46 (6.7)

55 (6.6)

12 (9.6)

48 (15.6)

60 (14.0)

 Secondary/High School

39 (38.1)

273 (40.2)

312 (39.9)

33 (38.8)

102 (33.3)

135 (34.8)

 Primary school or less

53 (56.0)

353 (53.1)

406 (53.5)

89 (51.7)

179 (51.1)

268 (51.3)

Household wealth

 1 (Richest)

30 (28.8)

162 (28.1)

192 (28.2)

53 (37.1)**

147 (48.3)

200 (45.3)

 2

27 (28.5)

181 (27.0)

208 (27.2)

31 (17.3)

99 (28.6)

130 (25.6)

 3

21 (24.0)

152 (22.0)

173 (22.3)

21 (10.1)

47 (12.0)

68 (11.5)

 4

15 (11.6)

108 (15.6)

123(15.0)

18 (29.2)

22 (7.2)

40 (13.1)

 5 (Poorest)

8 (7.0)

69 (7.4)

77 (7.3)

11 (6.4)

14 (3.9)

25 (4.5)

BMI

 Low

62 (59.3)**

338 (47.6)

400 (49.3)

105 (67.9)

222 (68.5)

327 (68.3)

 High

39 (40.7)

334 (52.4)

373 (50.7)

29 (32.1)

107 (31.5)

136 (31.7)

Nutrition

 Adequate

75 (82.2)

510 (79.2)

585 (79.7)

9 (4.4)

31 (9.3)

40 (8.0)

 Inadequate

26 (17.8)

162 (20.8)

188 (20.4)

125 (95.6)

298 (90.7)

423 (92.0)

Physical activity

 High

26 (28.0)**

191 (32.6)

217 (31.9)

62 (63.1)

127 (44.9)

189 (49.8)

 Moderate

28 (23.1)

232 (33.6)

260 (32.1)

31 (17.0)

99 (29.4)

130 (26.1)

 Low

47 (48.9)

249 (33.8)

296 (36.0)

41 (19.9)

103 (25.7)

144 (24.1)

  1. Pearson χ 2 tests undertaken for country comparisons. *p-value < 0.10; **p-value < 0.05; ***p-value < 0.01
  2. asurvey sampling weights used to give percentage estimates. Percentages may not sum due to rounding