From: Self-perceived uselessness and associated factors among older adults in China
Moderate frequency vs. low frequency of self-perceived uselessness | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V | Model VI | Model VII | |
Fixed attributes (A) | |||||||
Age 80–89 (age 65–79) | 1.24*** | 1.17*** | 1.18*** | 1.23*** | 1.17*** | 1.05 | 1.00 |
Age 90–99 (age 65–79) | 1.27*** | 1.18*** | 1.15*** | 1.25*** | 1.13*** | 0.96 | 0.89** |
Age 100+ (age 65–79) | 1.27*** | 1.16*** | 1.14** | 1.26*** | 1.08+ | 0.90* | 0.82*** |
Male (female) | 0.87*** | 0.94* | 0.92*** | 0.88*** | 0.92*** | 0.93*** | 1.02 |
Han (non-Han) | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.06 |
High optimism (low) | 0.51*** | 0.53*** | 0.50*** | 0.51*** | 0.53*** | 0.63*** | 0.64*** |
High self-control (low) | 0.74*** | 0.77*** | 0.73*** | 0.73*** | 0.79*** | 0.85** | 0.86*** |
Resources (R) | |||||||
1–6 years of schooling (0) | 0.93* | 0.95 | |||||
7+ years of schooling (0) | 0.79*** | 0.83** | |||||
Spouse 1–6 years of schooling (0) | 0.95 | 0.98 | |||||
Spouse 7+ years of schooling (0) | 0.89* | 0.92 | |||||
Spouse education missing (0) | 0.92 | 0.90 | |||||
Father 1+ years of schooling (0) | 0.99 | 1.00 | |||||
Father education missing (0) | 0.87** | 0.90+ | |||||
Urban (rural) | 0.92** | 0.92** | |||||
White collar (no) | 0.94 | 0.92+ | |||||
Economic independence (dependence) | 0.88*** | 0.92* | |||||
Rich family economic condition (fair/poor) | 0.74*** | 0.82*** | |||||
Environments (E) -- Family/social support | |||||||
Currently married (no) | 0.84*** | 0.89** | |||||
Most frequently contacted person, friend/relative (family member) | 1.03 | 1.08* | |||||
No one to contact (family member) | 0.99 | 0.86* | |||||
Most trusted person, friend/relative (family member) | 0.92 | 0.90 | |||||
No one to trust (family member) | 0.93 | 0.91 | |||||
Most helpful person, friend/relative (family member) | 1.12 | 1.04 | |||||
No one to ask for help (family member) | 1.02 | 1.05 | |||||
Community care services available (no) | 0.81** | 0.81** | |||||
Community social services available (no) | 0.94 | 1.08* | |||||
Environments (E) --Cultural tradition | |||||||
Coresidence with children (no) | 0.90* | 0.93 | |||||
Concordant living alone/with spouse (discord.) | 1.02 | 1.09* | |||||
Concordant coresid. with children (discord.) | 1.06+ | 1.02 | |||||
Receiving money or food from children (no) | 1.13*** | 1.02 | |||||
Giving money or food to children (no) | 0.88*** | 1.01 | |||||
Behaviors (B) | |||||||
Currently smoking (no) | 1.07* | 1.05+ | |||||
Currently alcoholic consuming (no) | 0.90** | 0.94+ | |||||
Regular exercise (no) | 0.75*** | 0.81*** | |||||
Leisure activity medium level (low) | 0.97 | 1.05 | |||||
Leisure activity high level (low) | 0.89** | 1.08+ | |||||
Social participation medium level (low) | 0.88*** | 0.94+ | |||||
Social participation high level (low) | 0.75*** | 0.82*** | |||||
Health conditions (H) | |||||||
ADL disabled (no) | 1.12*** | 1.21*** | |||||
IADL disabled (no) | 1.57*** | 1.52*** | |||||
Cognitively impaired (no) | 1.03 | 0.97 | |||||
1+ chronic conditions (none) | 1.14*** | 1.19*** | |||||
High joyfulness (low) | 0.47*** | 0.50**** | |||||
High loneliness (low) | 2.08*** | 2.07*** | |||||
Wave 2008 (2005) | 0.94* | 0.92** | 0.95* | 0.94** | 0.92** | 0.82* | 0.82* |
Wave 2011 (2005) | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
Wave 2014 (2005) | 1.07 | 1.15* | 1.16** | 1.09* | 1.07 | 1.12** | 1.32*** |