From: Self-perceived uselessness and associated factors among older adults in China
High frequency vs. low frequency of self-perceived uselessness | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V | Model VI | Model VII | |
Fixed attributes (A) | |||||||
Age 80–89 (age 65–79) | 1.69*** | 1.49*** | 1.55*** | 1.65*** | 1.38*** | 1.15*** | 1.04 |
Age 90–99 (age 65–79) | 1.76*** | 1.51*** | 1.51*** | 1.74*** | 1.21*** | 0.92+ | 0.80*** |
Age 100+ (age 65–79) | 1.76*** | 1.45*** | 1.51*** | 1.77*** | 1.07 | 0.78*** | 0.66*** |
Male (female) | 0.70*** | 0.82*** | 0.74*** | 0.70*** | 0.78*** | 0.82*** | 0.95 |
Han (non-Han) | 1.44*** | 1.48*** | 1.54*** | 1.44*** | 1.53*** | 1.38*** | 1.41*** |
High optimism (low) | 0.33*** | 0.35*** | 0.34*** | 0.33*** | 0.36*** | 0.48*** | 0.52*** |
High self-control (low) | 0.73*** | 0.80*** | 0.71*** | 0.73*** | 0.86*** | 0.86*** | 0.89** |
Resources (R) | |||||||
1–6 years of schooling (0) | 0.84*** | 0.92* | |||||
7+ years of schooling (0) | 0.69*** | 0.77*** | |||||
Spouse 1–6 years of schooling (0) | 0.96 | 1.01 | |||||
Spouse 7+ years of schooling (0) | 0.85* | 0.91 | |||||
Spouse education missing (0) | 0.92 | 0.83* | |||||
Father 1+ years of schooling (0) | 0.88** | 0.92+ | |||||
Father education missing (0) | 0.90+ | 0.88+ | |||||
Urban (rural) | 0.86*** | 0.85*** | |||||
White collar (no) | 0.88* | 0.83** | |||||
Economic independence (dependence) | 0.70*** | 0.80*** | |||||
Rich family economic condition (fair/poor) | 0.62*** | 0.77*** | |||||
Environments (E) -- Family/social support | |||||||
Currently married (no) | 0.82*** | 0.98 | |||||
Most frequently contacted person, friend/relative (family member) | 1.19** | 1.23*** | |||||
No one to contact (family member) | 1.80*** | 1.16+ | |||||
Most trusted person, friend/relative (family member) | 0.94 | 0.91 | |||||
No one to trust (family member) | 1.17+ | 1.06 | |||||
Most helpful person, friend/relative (family member) | 1.26** | 1.04 | |||||
No one to ask for help (family member) | 1.22+ | 1.15 | |||||
Community care services available (no) | 0.90 | 0.89 | |||||
Social services available (no) | 0.76*** | 0.98 | |||||
Environments (E) --Cultural tradition | |||||||
Coresidence with children (no) | 0.91+ | 1.06 | |||||
Concordant living alone/with spouse (discord.) | 1.01 | 1.28*** | |||||
Concordant coresid. with children (discord.) | 0.89** | 0.88*** | |||||
Receiving money or food from children (no) | 1.11*** | 1.03 | |||||
Giving money or food to children (no) | 0.62*** | 0.83*** | |||||
Behaviors (B) | |||||||
Currently smoking (no) | 1.09* | 1.06 | |||||
Currently consuming alcohol (no) | 0.83*** | 0.87** | |||||
Regular exercise (no) | 0.65*** | 0.72*** | |||||
Leisure activity medium level (low) | 0.70*** | 0.90** | |||||
Leisure activity high level (low) | 0.52*** | 0.84*** | |||||
Social participation medium level (low) | 0.65*** | 0.76** | |||||
Social participation high level (low) | 0.63*** | 0.75*** | |||||
Health conditions (H) | |||||||
ADL disabled (no) | 1.53*** | 1.64*** | |||||
IADL disabled (no) | 2.20*** | 1.96*** | |||||
Cognitively impaired (no) | 1.44*** | 1.22*** | |||||
1+ chronic conditions (none) | 1.37*** | 1.47*** | |||||
High joyfulness (low) | 0.50*** | 0.55*** | |||||
High loneliness (low) | 8.02*** | 7.42*** | |||||
Wave 2008 (2005) | 1.06* | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 0.96 | 0.93 |
Wave 2011 (2005) | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 1.03 |
Wave 2014 (2005) | 1.22*** | 1.25*** | 1.52*** | 1.25** | 1.21*** | 1.24*** | 1.72*** |