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Table 2 Factors associated with high vs. low frequency of self-perceived uselessness, CLHLS 2005–2014

From: Self-perceived uselessness and associated factors among older adults in China

 

High frequency vs. low frequency of self-perceived uselessness

 

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Model V

Model VI

Model VII

Fixed attributes (A)

 Age 80–89 (age 65–79)

1.69***

1.49***

1.55***

1.65***

1.38***

1.15***

1.04

 Age 90–99 (age 65–79)

1.76***

1.51***

1.51***

1.74***

1.21***

0.92+

0.80***

 Age 100+ (age 65–79)

1.76***

1.45***

1.51***

1.77***

1.07

0.78***

0.66***

 Male (female)

0.70***

0.82***

0.74***

0.70***

0.78***

0.82***

0.95

 Han (non-Han)

1.44***

1.48***

1.54***

1.44***

1.53***

1.38***

1.41***

 High optimism (low)

0.33***

0.35***

0.34***

0.33***

0.36***

0.48***

0.52***

 High self-control (low)

0.73***

0.80***

0.71***

0.73***

0.86***

0.86***

0.89**

Resources (R)

 1–6 years of schooling (0)

 

0.84***

    

0.92*

 7+ years of schooling (0)

 

0.69***

    

0.77***

 Spouse 1–6 years of schooling (0)

 

0.96

    

1.01

 Spouse 7+ years of schooling (0)

 

0.85*

    

0.91

 Spouse education missing (0)

 

0.92

    

0.83*

 Father 1+ years of schooling (0)

 

0.88**

    

0.92+

 Father education missing (0)

 

0.90+

    

0.88+

 Urban (rural)

 

0.86***

    

0.85***

 White collar (no)

 

0.88*

    

0.83**

 Economic independence (dependence)

 

0.70***

    

0.80***

 Rich family economic condition (fair/poor)

 

0.62***

    

0.77***

Environments (E) -- Family/social support

 Currently married (no)

  

0.82***

   

0.98

 Most frequently contacted person, friend/relative (family member)

  

1.19**

   

1.23***

 No one to contact (family member)

  

1.80***

   

1.16+

 Most trusted person, friend/relative (family member)

  

0.94

   

0.91

 No one to trust (family member)

  

1.17+

   

1.06

 Most helpful person, friend/relative (family member)

  

1.26**

   

1.04

 No one to ask for help (family member)

  

1.22+

   

1.15

 Community care services available (no)

  

0.90

   

0.89

 Social services available (no)

  

0.76***

   

0.98

Environments (E) --Cultural tradition

 Coresidence with children (no)

   

0.91+

  

1.06

 Concordant living alone/with spouse (discord.)

   

1.01

  

1.28***

 Concordant coresid. with children (discord.)

   

0.89**

  

0.88***

 Receiving money or food from children (no)

   

1.11***

  

1.03

 Giving money or food to children (no)

   

0.62***

  

0.83***

Behaviors (B)

 Currently smoking (no)

    

1.09*

 

1.06

 Currently consuming alcohol (no)

    

0.83***

 

0.87**

 Regular exercise (no)

    

0.65***

 

0.72***

 Leisure activity medium level (low)

    

0.70***

 

0.90**

 Leisure activity high level (low)

    

0.52***

 

0.84***

 Social participation medium level (low)

    

0.65***

 

0.76**

 Social participation high level (low)

    

0.63***

 

0.75***

Health conditions (H)

 ADL disabled (no)

     

1.53***

1.64***

 IADL disabled (no)

     

2.20***

1.96***

 Cognitively impaired (no)

     

1.44***

1.22***

 1+ chronic conditions (none)

     

1.37***

1.47***

 High joyfulness (low)

     

0.50***

0.55***

 High loneliness (low)

     

8.02***

7.42***

 Wave 2008 (2005)

1.06*

1.03

1.06

1.05

1.04

0.96

0.93

 Wave 2011 (2005)

0.97

0.97

0.98

0.97

0.96

1.04

1.03

 Wave 2014 (2005)

1.22***

1.25***

1.52***

1.25**

1.21***

1.24***

1.72***

  1. Note: (1) Factors in this Table were not organized by the order of letter of the REHAB framework. (2) Figures in the table were relative risk ratios based on multinomial logit regression. (3) High frequency of feelings of uselessness referred to always/often and low frequency referred to seldom/never. Results for “unable to answer” and moderate frequency were not presented. (4) Category in the parentheses of each variable was the reference group. (5) + p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001