Table 3 Distribution of baseline characteristics among subjects with different frailty categories
No frailty (≤5 points) | Apparently vulnerable (6 ≤ n ≥ 11 points) | Severe frailty (12 ≤ n ≥ 17) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
(Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | P value | |
Age, years | 78.93 ± 7.19 | 81.80 ± 6.41 | 82.92 ± 5.47 | p<0.001 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.96 ± 4.17 | 25.16 ± 5.01 | 24.85 ± 5.46 | 0.922 |
Assessment of functional performance | ||||
Hand Grip DX, kg | 19.10 ± 6.43 | 16.21 ± 6.15 | 14.12 ± 5.73 | p<0.05 |
Bartel Index, points | 75,38 ± 21,85 | 61,6 ± 23,81 | 51 ± 26,80 | p<0.001 |
Assessment of cognitive status and mood | ||||
MMSE, points | 20.54 ± 5.86 | 18.37 ± 6.01 | 15.1 ± 7.05 | p<0.001 |
GDS, points | 7.57 ± 3.70 | 5.52 ± 3.49 | 4.60 ± 2.61 | p<0.001 |
Assessment of general health status | ||||
Drugs, n | 7,62 ± 3,42 | 8,77 ± 3,34 | 9,38 ± 2,92 | p<0.05 |
Diseases, n | 5.43 ± 2,42 | 5,95 ± 2,77 | 6,92 ± 3,20 | p<0.05 |
Assessment of living independence | ||||
ADL, points | 4,28 ± 1,69 | 3,10 ± 1,75 | 2,25 ± 1,79 | p<0.001 |
Assessment of sarcopenia | ||||
SMI, n | 6.96 ± 1.22 | 6.75 ± 1.28 | 6.48 ± 1.06 | 0.194 |
Assessment of osteoporosis | ||||
BMD, g/cm2 | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.73 ± 0.16 | p<0.05 |
T-SCORE, points | −1.79 ± 0.96 | −2.02 ± 1.35 | −2.41 ± 1.33 | p<0.05 |
Assessment of proteinuria | ||||
Albumin, g/dl | 3.73 ± 0.44 | 3.64 ± 0.50 | 3.62 ± 0.44 | 0.079 |
MNA, points | 20,33 ± 3,35 | 17,96 ± 3,13 | 15,48 ± 3,11 | p<0.001 |