From: Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review
Study | Combined physical and cognitive training intervention | Comparison groups | Control group | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical part | Cognitive part | |||
Simultaneous Intervention (Dual Task) | ||||
Choi et al., 2015 [37] | 30 min × 5 times per week for 4 weeks– Total intervention time: 600 min (10 h) | SPT | - | |
Physical therapy, balance-training | Memory, learning ability | |||
Coelho et al., 2013 [38] | 60 min × 3 times per week for 16 weeks with an increasing level of difficulty – Total intervention time: 2880 min (48 h) | - | NA-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity (65–75 % of max. heart rate for age), resistance- flexibility- and balance- and agility-training Measured: Heart rate, blood pressure | Attention, executive function, psychomotor ability, verbal fluency | |||
De Andrade et al., 2013 [39] | 60 min × 3 times per week for 16 weeks with an increased level of difficulty – Total intervention time: 2880 min (48 h) | - | NA-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity (65–75 % of max. heart rate), strength- flexibility- and balance-training Measured: Heart rate | Working memory and verbal fluency | |||
Evans et al., 2009 [34] | 7–14 min × 5 times per week for 5 weeks – Total intervention time: 175–360 min (3–6 h) | - | NA-C | |
Walking vividly for 2Â min | Divided attention and meta-attention | |||
Hars et al., 2013 [42] | 60Â min once a week for 25Â weeks - Total intervention time: 1500Â min (25Â h) | - | NA-C | |
Multitask exercises (walking, handling objects, quick reactions) following music | Frontal-lobe cognitive function | |||
Hiyamizu et al., 2012 [43] | 60 min × 2 times per week for 12 weeks – Total intervention time: 1440 min (24 h) | SPT | - | |
Walking, strength- and balance-training | Working memory, visual scanning and verbal fluency | |||
Kayama et al., 2014 [44] | 75–80 min once a week for 12 weeks - Total intervention time: 900–960 min (15–16 h) | SPT | - | |
Training of aerobic capacity, strength, balance and flexibility | Arithmetical reasoning-ability | |||
Marmeleira et al., 2009 [45] | 60 min × 3 times per week for 12 weeks – Total intervention time: 2160 min (36 h) | - | NA-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity, walking | Visual attention, executive function, speed of information processing, psycho-motor performance | |||
Plummer-D’Amato et al., 2012 [41] | 45 min × 1 time per week for 4 weeks – Total intervention time: 180 min (3 h) | SPT | - | |
Gait, balance and agility training | Working memory, verbal learning, verbal fluency | |||
Schwenk et al., 2010 [35] | 120 min × 2 times per week for 12 weeks – Total intervention time: 2880 min (48 h) | - | A-C | |
Progressive resistance- and functional balance training | Working memory | |||
Theill et al., 2013 [46] | 30 min × 2 times per week for 10 weeks – Total intervention time: 600 min (10 h) | SCT | NA-C | |
Walking on treadmill Measured: Heart rate | Working memory | |||
Yokoyama et al., 2015 [47] | 60 min × 3 times per week for 12 weeks – Total intervention time: 2160 min (36 h) | SPT | - | |
Training of aerobic capacity, resistance- and flexibility-training | Arithmetic or word tasks, switch walking direction | |||
You et al., 2009 [40] | 30 min × 5 times per week for 6 weeks (total of 18 sessions/participant) – Total intervention time: 540 min (9 h) | - | A-C | |
Walking a 30Â m walkway | Verbal episodic memory, working memory | |||
Subsequent Intervention | ||||
Barnes et al., 2013 [36] | 60 min physical training + 60 min cognitive training – Total: 120 min × 3 times per week for 12 weeks – Total intervention time: 4320 min (72 h) | SCT SPT | A-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity and strength, stretching, relaxation Measured: Heart rate | Divided attention, working memory, visual and auditory perception | |||
De Bruin et al., 2013 [48] | 45 min physical training × 2 times per week for 12 weeks + 10 min cognitive training × 3–5 times per week for 10 weeks – Total intervention time: 1380–1578 min (23–26,3 h) | SPT | - | |
Training of aerobic capacity (e.g. stair climbing, etc.), strength and balance | Attention (alertness, selective, divided) | |||
Fabre et al., 2002 [49] | 60 min physical training × 2 times per week for 8 weeks + 90 min cognitive training × 1 time per week for 8 weeks – Total intervention time: 1680 min (28 h) | SCT SPT | A-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity (e.g. jogging) Measured: Heart rate | Attention, episodic and working memory, verbal learning, verbal fluency, visual/auditory perception | |||
Legault et al., 2011 [50] | 60 min physical training (at experimental facility) × 2 times per week plus 30 min at home × 1-2 times per week: 150–180 min per week for 16 weeks + 40–48 min cognitive training × 2 times per week for 8 weeks and afterwards 40–48 min once weekly for 8 weeks – Total intervention time: 3360–4032 min (56–67,2 h) | SCT SPT | A-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity and flexibility, walking, cycling | Verbal learning, episodic memory | |||
Oswald et al., 2006 [33] | 45 min physical training + 90 min cognitive training once weekly for 30 weeks - Total intervention time: 4050 min (67,5 h) | SCT SPT PE SPT + PE | NA-C | |
Flexibility- and balance-training, motor coordination (gymnastic exercises, dancing) | Attention, episodic memory, speed of information processing | |||
Shatil, 2013 [51] | 45 min physical training + 40 min cognitive training × 3 times per week for 16 weeks – Total intervention time: SPT = 2160 min (36 h), SCT = 1920 min (32 h) | SCT SPT | A-C | |
Training of aerobic capacity, strength and flexibility Measured: Heart rate | Attention, memory, perception, verbal learning, executive function, speed of information processing and motor coordination | |||
Van het Reve et al., 2014 [52] | 40 min physical training × 2 times per week + 10 min of cognitive training 3 × times per week for 12 weeks – Total interventin time: SPT = 960 min (16 h), SCT = 360 min (6 h) | SPT | - | |
Strength- and balance-training | Attention (alertness, selective, divided) |