The effect of social relationships on survival in elderly residents of a Southern European community: a cohort study

Table 5 Mortality Hazard Rates Ratios for social relationships adjusted for health and disability, in men and women combined

ALL (n = 1174; deceased = 352)^a	Network model	Psychosocial mechanisms model	Complete model
Sex:
Women	1	1	1
Men	1.92 (1.50–2.46)	1.92 (1.50–2.46)	2.20 (1.71–2.84)
Age	1.10 (1.08–1.11)	1.09 (1.07–1.11)	1.08 (1.06–1.10)
Education:
Primary completed	1	1	1
Primary not completed	1.16 (0.88–1.51)	1.18 (0.90–1.54)	1.01 (0.77–1.34)
Family ties index:
< 3	1	1	1
3	0.73 (0.57–0.93)	0.79 (0.62–1.01)	0.77 (0.60–0.98)
Friends contacted:
No	1	1	1
Yes	0.97 (0.78–1.21)	1.05 (0.84–1.32)	1.12 (0.89–1.41)
Social participation index	0.80 (0.71–0.91)	0.82 (0.73–0.93)	0.88 (0.78–1.00)
Confidant:
No/does not know		1	1
Yes		0.72 (0.58–0.90)	0.75 (0.60–0.95)
Role in significant others' lives		0.79 (0.67–0.93)	0.86 (0.73–1.02)
Physical activity:
Moderate/vigorous			1
Light			1.38 (1.06–1.79)
Co-morbidity			1.03 (0.97–1.10)
Square root of depressive symptoms			1.04 (0.96–1.13)
Cognitive score			1.20 (1.07–1.35)
Self-perceived health:
Very good/good			1
Average/poor/very poor			1.32 (1.01–1.74)
Disability:
Independent			1
Not independent for IADLs			1.17 (0.86–1.59)
Not independent for ADLs			1.10 (0.77–1.58)

^aNon-weighted results. Bold: indicates results significant at a 95% level. ADLs: Activities of daily living. IADLs: Instrumental activities of daily living.

ISSN: 1471-2318