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Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) by household composition at follow-up: bivariate analysis

From: Risk factors of functional disability among community-dwelling elderly people by household in Japan: a prospective cohort study

Parameters

Three-generation (n = 798)

pvalue

Children-only (n = 101)

pvalue

Spouse-only (n = 131)

pvalue

Living alone (n = 54)

pvalue

History of disease

Hypertension

1.11 (0.81–1.53)

0.510

0.47 (0.22–1.03)

0.059

1.06 (0.40–2.82)

0.912

0.92 (0.33–2.58)

0.881

Heart disease

1.51 (0.98–2.33)

0.065

0.79 (0.23–2.70)

0.700

0.12 (0.01–1.16)

0.067

5.67 (1.06–30.14)

0.042

Osteoporosis

0.92 (0.57–1.50)

0.748

0.49 (0.14–1.74)

0.269

0.44 (0.06–3.34)

0.425

0.51 (0.11–2.28)

0.377

DM

2.16 (1.45–3.22)

<0.001

2.31 (0.67–7.94)

0.183

3.26 (0.92–11.59)

0.068

1.18 (0.15–9.51)

0.879

Stroke

2.22 (1.39–3.55)

0.001

1.16 (0.34–3.94)

0.817

4.57 (1.26–16.61)

0.021

-

-

TMIG

IADL

0.77 (0.69–0.85)

<0.001

0.99 (0.71–1.39)

0.955

0.52 (0.38–0.71)

<0.001

0.66 (0.39–1.11)

0.119

IA

0.82 (0.72–0.94)

0.004

0.83 (0.65–1.06)

0.132

0.52 (0.36–0.75)

<0.001

1.25 (0.78–1.99)

0.358

SR

0.74 (0.64–0.86)

<0.001

0.81 (0.58–1.14)

0.227

0.56 (0.37–0.85)

0.007

0.95 (0.60–1.52)

0.836

MFS

0.90 (0.86–0.94)

<0.001

0.94 (0.85–1.05)

0.278

0.78 (0.69–0.88)

<0.001

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

0.615

Falls experienced during the past year

Presence

1.41 (1.02–1.95)

0.040

0.53 (0.18–1.52)

0.237

4.70 (1.71–12.91)

0.003

2.63 (0.87–7.94)

0.087

DVS < =8

1.05 (0.53–2.06)

0.894

0.98 (0.35–2.77)

0.967

5.30 (1.34–20.94)

0.017

-

-

Frequency of going outdoors

< 1/week

2.46 (1.76–3.44)

<0.001

1.99 (0.91–4.37)

0.086

3.95 (1.27–12.29)

0.018

1.26 (0.40–3.99)

0.700

Cognitive function

Mild or severe

1.60 (0.93–2.75)

0.093

1.64 (0.49–5.50)

0.423

2.23 (0.49–10.19)

0.300

-

-

GDS > =5

1.71 (1.25–2.35)

0.001

1.02 (0.45–2.33)

0.960

4.59 (1.68–12.57)

0.003

5.19 (1.33–20.31)

0.018

  1. Cox regression analysis. All variables were adjusted for covariates of age and sex.
  2. Data are given as hazard ratios (95% confidence interval). TMIG, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology index of competence; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IA, Intellectual activity; SR, Social role; MFS, Motor Fitness Scale; DVS, Dietary Variety Score; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.