Table 1 Characteristics of the elderly people according to household composition at the baseline (n = 1084)
Parameters | Three-generation (n = 798) | Children-only (n = 101) | Spouse-only (n = 131) | Living alone (n = 54) | pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) or mean (SD), SD: standard deviation | Â | |||
Average age | 77.9 (SD 5.4) | 79.6 (SD 5.6) | 76.1 (SD 4.5) | 78.8 (SD 5.8) | <0.001 |
Age-groups | |||||
70–74 | 241 (30.2) | 21 (20.8) | 54 (41.2) | 16 (29.6) | 0.001 |
75–79 | 279 (35.0) | 32 (31.7) | 51 (38.9) | 15 (27.8) |  |
80–84 | 190 (23.8) | 28 (27.7) | 18 (13.7) | 12 (22.2) |  |
> = 85 | 88 (11.0) | 20 (19.8) | 8 (6.1) | 11 (20.4) |  |
Gender, men | 325 (40.7) | 26 (25.7) | 66 (50.4) | 16 (29.6) | 0.001 |
History of disease | |||||
Hypertension | 378 (47.4) | 54 (53.5) | 54 (41.2) | 25 (46.3) | 0.320 |
Heart disease | 88 (11.1) | 16 (15.8) | 11 (8.4) | 3 (5.6) | 0.173 |
Osteoporosis | 86 (10.8) | 14 (13.9) | 12 (9.2) | 9 (16.7) | 0.395 |
DM | 85 (10.7) | 6 (6.0) | 11 (8.4) | 4 (7.4) | 0.402 |
Stroke | 60 (7.5) | 10 (9.9) | 8 (6.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.294 |
TMGI | |||||
IADL (0-5) | 4.5 (SD 1.0) | 4.3 (SD 1.3) | 4.7 (SD 0.9) | 4.7 (SD 0.7) | 0.034 |
IA (0-4) | 3.3 (SD 1.0) | 2.9 (SD 1.4) | 3.5 (SD 1.0) | 3.0 (SD 1.2) | <0.001 |
SR (0-4) | 3.5 (SD 0.9.) | 3.1 (SD 1.1) | 3.6 (SD 0.9) | 3.1 (SD 1.1) | <0.001 |
MFS | 9.6 (SD 3.9.) | 8.9 (SD 4.0) | 10.8 (SD 3.5) | 9.2 (SD 3.9) | 0.001 |
Falls experienced during the past year | |||||
Presence | 210 (26.3) | 25 (24.8) | 29 (22.1) | 18 (33.3) | 0.449 |
DVS1) | 4.8 (SD 2.4) | 4.8 (SD 2.6) | 5.5 (SD 2.3) | 3.8 (SD 2.1) | <.0001 |
DVS1) < =8 | 727 (91.1) | 88 (88.9) | 114 (87.0) | 53 (98.1) | 0.059 |
Frequency of going outdoors | |||||
< 1/week | 159 (19.9) | 33 (32.7) | 18 (13.7) | 18 (33.3) | <0.001 |
Cognitive function | |||||
Mild or severe | 41 (5.1) | 7 (6.9) | 6 (4.6) | 4 (7.4) | 0.759 |
GDS2) > =5 | 267 (33.5) | 39 (40.6) | 37 (28.2) | 22 (40.7) | 0.286 |