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Table 2 Association between depressed mood, and health problems and function: univariable logistic regression analyses, and logistic regression analyses adjusting for functional impairment (n ≤ 1085)

From: Risk factors for depressed mood amongst a community dwelling older age population in England: cross-sectional survey data from the PRO-AGE study

  

Likelihood of depressed mood

Likelihood of depressed mood adjusted for functional impairment***

 

% with depressed mood (no. with depressed mood/ no. of subjects)

Association with depressed mood ( p)*

Odds ratio

95% CI

Odds ratio

95% CI

Self-reported previously diagnosed physical/mental health conditions

High blood pressure

 

0.612

    

 No

14 (76/561)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

15 (76/513)

 

1.11

0.79 – 1.56

1.00

0.69 – 1.44

Coronary heart disease, heart attack or heart failure

 

0.376

    

 No

14 (128/933)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

17 (24/142)

 

1.28

0.79 - 2.06

1.03

0.61 - 1.73

Stroke

 

0.187

    

 No

14 (144/1027)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

22 (10/45)

 

1.75

0.85 – 3.62

1.12

0.50 – 2.53

Chronic bronchitis or emphysema

 

0.285

    

 No

14 (143/1028)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

21 (9/43)

 

1.64

0.77 – 3.49

0.90

0.36 – 2.24

Asthma

 

1.000

    

 No

14 (130/919)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

14 (21/149)

 

1.00

0.61 – 1.64

0.75

0.43 – 1.33

Arthritis or rheumatism

 

0.043

    

 No

12 (77/622)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

17 (75/442)

 

1.45

1.02 – 2.04

1.18

0.80 – 1.74

Osteoporosis

 

0.001

    

 No

13 (127/980)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

26 (23/89)

 

2.34

1.41 – 3.90

1.74

0.99 – 3.06

Diabetes

 

0.542

    

 No

14 (140/994)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

17 (14/81)

 

1.27

0.70 – 2.33

0.95

0.50 – 1.82

Depression

 

<0.001

    

 No

11 (106/948)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

36 (45/124)

 

4.52

2.98 – 6.87

4.25

2.73 – 6.62

Emotional or mental illness other than depression

 

0.064**

    

 No

14 (141/1037)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

26 (8/31)

 

2.21

0.97 – 5.04

1.94

0.83 – 4.52

Glaucoma

 

<0.001

    

 No

13 (132/1011)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

35 (21/60)

 

3.59

2.05 – 6.28

3.34

1.82 – 6.14

Irreversible/untreatable retinal disease

 

0.421**

    

 No

14 (146/1042)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

20 (6/30)

 

1.53

0.62 – 3.82

1.05

0.35 – 3.16

Cataracts

 

0.019

    

 No

13 (109/848)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

19 (43/223)

 

1.62

1.10 – 2.39

1.24

0.81 – 1.91

Other health and functional measures

Pain

 

<0.001

    

 No pain

9 (56/614)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Pain

19 (76/402)

 

2.32

1.60 – 3.37

1.96

1.31 – 2.95

Self-perceived general health

 

<0.001

    

 Excellent or good

10 (81/839)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Fair or poor

30 (70/237)

 

3.92

2.73 – 5.63

2.78

1.84 – 4.21

Functional change

 

<0.001

    

 No

9 (45/504)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Yes

19 (102/541)

 

2.37

1.63 – 3.45

1.29

0.77 – 2.17

Functional decrease

 

<0.001

    

 No

9 (60/649)

 

1.00

-

-

-

 Yes

22 (84/378)

 

2.80

1.96 – 4.02

-

-

IADL

 

<0.001

    

 Without difficulty or  need for human assistance

10 (71/680)

 

1.00

-

-

-

 With difficulty or need  for human assistance

20 (75/368)

 

2.20

1.54 – 3.13

-

-

Vision related difficulties screen

 

<0.001

    

 VFQ-not poor vision

10 (88/843)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 VFQ-poor vision

33 (58/178)

 

4.15

2.83 – 6.08

3.44

2.25 – 5.25

Hearing related difficulties screen

 

<0.001

    

 Not poor hearing

12 (92/788)

 

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Poor hearing

22 (45/203)

 

2.15

1.45 – 3.20

1.89

1.24 – 2.88

  1. *Chi-squared with Yates’ continuity correction; **2-sided Fisher’s exact test; ***Adjusted for functional decrease and IADL difficulties.