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Table 2 Comparisons between participants and non-participants who responded to the survey

From: Which older people decline participation in a primary care trial of physical activity and why: insights from a mixed methods approach

  

Non-participants completing survey

Crude OR for participating

Adj OR for participating

Test for trend

 

Participants

 

N = 298 n (%)

N = 183 n (%)

(95% CI)

(Age & sex adj)

p value

Age at posting invitation

    

0.07

60-64

113 (37.9)

59 (32.2)

1.0

  

65-69

104 (34.9)

59 (32.2)

0.92 (0.59, 1.44)

  

70-75

81 (27.2)

65 (35.5)

0.65 (0.41, 1.02)

  

Gender

     

Female

160 (53.7)

322 (46.7)

1.0

 

0.47

Male

138 (46.3)

91 (49.7)

0.87 (0.60, 1.26)

  

Invited as

    

0.76

Couple

149 (50.0)

94 (51.4)

1.00

1.00

 

Individual

149 (50.0)

89 (48.6)

1.06 (0.73, 1.53)

1.06 (0.73, 1.54)

 

National quintiles of IMD Rank 1

    

0.25

1 (most deprived)

2 (0.7)

2 (1.1)

0.61 (0.08, 4.35)

0.70 (0.10, 5.11)

 

2

9 (3.0)

10 (5.5)

0.54 (0.22, 1.38)

0.55 (0.22, 1.39)

 

3

18 (6.0)

15 (8.2)

0.73 (0.35, 1.49)

0.69 (0.34, 1.43)

 

4

51 (17.1)

24 (13.1)

1.29 (0.76, 2.19)

1.28 (0.75, 2.18)

 

5 (least deprived)

218 (73.2)

132 (72.1)

1.00

1.00

 

Marital status

    

0.588

Married

240 (80.8)

149 (82.8)

1.00

1.00

 

Widowed

21 (7.1)

8 (4.4)

1.63 (0.70, 3.77)

1.78 (0.75, 4.25)

 

Divorced or Separated

24 (8.1)

14 (7.8)

1.06 (0.53, 2.12)

1.02 (0.51, 2.04)

 

Single

12 (4.0)

9 (5.0)

0.83 (0.34, 2.01)

0.86 (0.35, 2.10)

 

Retired

193 (66.8)

119 (72.1)

0.78 (0.51, 1.18)

0.81 (0.52, 1.27)

0.36

Occupational pension

214 (75.6)

107 (61.9)

1.91 (1.27, 2.88)

2.06 (1.35, 3.13)

0.001

White ethnicity

290 (98.6)

181 (100.0)

   

Current smoker

16 (5.5)

14 (8.0)

0.67 (0.32, 1.41)

0.66 (0.31, 1.39)

0.27

Body Mass Index 2

    

0.10

Overweight or obese (≥25 kg/m2)

200 (67.1)

96 (59.6)

1.38 (0.93, 2.06)

1.40 (0.93, 2.09)

 

General health

    

0.32

Very good or good

260 (88.7)

150 (85.2)

1.00

1.00

 

Fair

30 (10.2)

24 (13.6)

0.72 (0.41, 1.28)

0.74 (0.41, 1.31)

 

Bad or very bad

3 (1.0)

2 (1.1)

0.87 (0.14, 5.24)

0.82 (0.13, 5.00)

 

Limiting long-standing illness

72 (25.4)

29 (16.8)

1.69 (1.05, 2.74)

1.72 (1.05, 2.79)

0.03

One or more chronic disease 3

207 (69.5)

107 (58.5)

1.62 (1.10, 2.37)

1.68 (1.14, 2.47)

0.009

Uses a walking aid 4

8 (2.7)

5 (2.9)

0.95 (0.31, 2.94)

0.98 (0.31, 3.07)

0.97

Fallen in last year 4

48 (16.2)

38 (21.6)

0.70 (0.44, 1.12)

0.66 (0.41, 1.08)

0.10

≥ 4 medications a day

60 (20.4)

40 (23.0)

0.86 (0.55, 1.35)

0.90 (0.56, 1.42)

0.64

EQ-5D 5

     

Mobility: some problems

37 (12.6)

29 (16.4)

0.73 (0.43, 1.24)

0.74 (0.43, 1.25)

0.26

Self-care: some problems

4 (1.4)

2 (1.1)

1.18 (0.21, 6.51)

1.06 (0.19, 5.88)

0.95

Usual activities: some problems

38 (12.8)

26 (14.7)

0.85 (0.50, 1.46)

0.85 (0.49, 1.46)

0.55

Pain/discomfort: some pain

120 (41.2)

58 (33.1)

1.42 (0.96, 2.09)

1.43 (0.96, 2.12)

0.08

Anxiety/Depression: yes

34 (11.5)

23 (13.2)

0.85 (0.48, 1.50)

0.85 (0.48, 1.51)

0.58

General practice physical activity

     

Questionnaire (GPPAQ) 6

     

Inactive

152 (52.6)

72 (52.6)

1.00

1.00

0.03

Moderately inactive

35 (12.1)

22 (12.1)

0.75 (0.41, 1.38)

0.71 (0.39, 1.31)

 

Moderately active

55 (19.0)

32 (19.0)

0.81 (0.48, 1.37)

0.78 (0.46, 1.33)

 

Active

47 (16.3)

39 (16.3)

0.57 (0.34, 0.95)

0.55 (0.33, 0.93)

 

Brisk or fast walking pace 6

87 (30.3)

68 (41.5)

0.61 (0.41, 0.92)

0.56 (0.37, 0.84)

0.006

Reasons for non-participation 7

     

Already physically active

 

101 (67.3)

   

Not enough time

 

66 (44.0)

   

Not interested to increase PA

 

37 (24.7)

   

Not able to increase physical activity

 

32 (21.3)

   

Not wanting to be allocated by chance

 

20 (13.3)

   

Not interested in research

 

12 (8.0)

   
  1. 1Index of Multiple Deprivation Rank from national quintiles [15].
  2. 2Body mass index = weight(kg)/height(m)2 based on measured values for participants and self-reported height and weight for non-participants, height and weight were not available for 22 (13%) non-participants.
  3. 3Chronic disease score adapted from self-report checklist of doctor diagnosed chronic medical conditions used in Alameda County Study [17].
  4. 4Use of walking aid and number of falls in previous year.
  5. 5EQ-5D health outcome measures [18].
  6. 6Self-reported physical activity over last 7 days (General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire; GPPAQ) [4].
  7. 7Reasons for non-participation, 6 possible reasons for non-participation in trial, not mutually exclusive (response options yes/no/unsure).
  8. 8Test for heterogeneity between groups.