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Table 2 Characteristics of the active and inactive clusters

From: Who are the healthy active seniors? A cluster analysis

  

Active cluster

Inactive cluster

  

Profile characteristics

(N =169)

(N = 69)

Chi-square test

  

N

%

N

%

χ2

p-value

Gender

    

0.098

.755

 Male

48

28.4%

21

30.4%

  

 Female

121

71.6%

48

69.6%

  

Marital status

    

1.276

.735

 Married

72

42.6%

26

37.7%

  

 Widow

82

48.5%

34

49.3%

  

 Separate

4

2.4%

3

4.3%

  

 Single

11

6.5%

6

8.7%

  

Main income source

    

24.932

.000

 From government

50

30.1%

45

65.2%

  

 From family members

101

60.8%

21

30.4%

  

 Own savings

15

9.0%

3

4.3%

  

Monthly income

    

13.161

.041

 Less than 2,000

23

15.1%

20

30.8%

  

 2,000 - 3,999

76

50.0%

36

55.4%

  

 4,000 – 5,999

33

21.7%

6

9.2%

  

 6,000 – 7,999

6

3.9%

1

1.5%

  

 8,000 – 9,999

7

4.6%

1

1.5%

  

 10,000 – 14,999

5

3.3%

1

1.5%

  

 15,000 – 19,999

2

1.3%

0

.0%

  

Enough money for daily expense

    

16.172

.003

 Extremely insufficient

4

2.4%

4

5.9%

  

 Not enough

16

9.5%

15

22.1%

  

 Just enough

78

46.4%

36

52.9%

  

 Enough

61

36.3%

13

19.1%

  

 In excess

9

5.4%

0

.0%

  

Living status

    

8.092

.088

 Alone

60

35.5%

37

53.6%

  

 Live with spouse

38

22.5%

13

18.8%

  

 Live with spouse & children

23

13.6%

5

7.2%

  

 Live with children

39

23.1%

13

18.8%

  

 Live with other people

9

5.3%

1

1.4%

  

Sport habit

    

2.322

.508

 Less than one day per week

15

9.0%

9

13.4%

  

 1 - 3 days per week

33

19.9%

17

25.4%

  

 4 - 5 days per week

18

10.8%

7

10.4%

  

 6 - 7 days per week

100

60.2%

34

50.7%

  

Sleepless night

    

18.914

.000

 Less than one day per week

119

71.7%

28

41.8%

  

 1 - 3 days per week

30

18.1%

22

32.8%

  

 4 - 5 days per week

5

3.0%

5

7.5%

  

 6 - 7 days per week

12

7.2%

12

17.9%

  

Leisure activities engaged in*

      

 Mahjong

33

19.8%

6

9.1%

1.966

0.049

 Reading/writing

57

34.1%

11

16.7%

2.642

0.008

 Sing/dancing/musical instrument

44

26.3%

6

9.1%

2.891

0.004

 Play chess

11

6.6%

2

3.0%

1.066

0.287

 Watching TV/listen to radio

102

61.1%

52

78.8%

-2.573

0.010

Hearing

    

1.424

.491

 Normal

121

71.6%

44

63.8%

  

 Slightly difficult

37

21.9%

19

27.5%

  

 Fairly difficult

11

6.5%

6

8.7%

  

 Difficult

0

.0%

0

.0%

  

Vision

    

14.757

.002

 Fine

141

83.4%

43

62.3%

  

 Slight problem

22

13.0%

16

23.2%

  

 Mild problem

5

3.0%

8

11.6%

  

 Moderately difficult

1

.6%

2

2.9%

  

 Difficult

0

.0%

0

.0%

  

Climbing stairs

    

30.028

.000

 Help with other people

14

8.3%

26

37.7%

  

 Independent

154

91.7%

43

62.3%

  
 

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

t

p-value

Demographic Variables

      

 Age

76.53

(7.10)

78.57

(7.90)

-1.944

.053

 Years of education

4.66

(4.60)

3.46

(3.21)

2.200

.029

 No. of siblings alive

2.55

(2.67)

1.64

(2.69)

2.351

.020

 No. of children alive

2.85

(1.82)

2.41

(1.86)

1.668

.097

 No. of chronic diseases suffered

2.06

(1.48)

2.51

(1.54)

-2.071

.039

 No. of leisure activities engaged in

1.99

(1.06)

1.48

(.75)

4.070

.000

Control variables

      

 LSNS - family network

9.98

(6.41)

6.67

(5.70)

3.735

.000

 LSNS - friend network

9.10

(5.53)

6.93

(5.03)

2.818

.005

 Life events (6 Items)

.18

(.39)

.41

(.65)

-2.682

.009

 BI

98.63

(3.39)

93.20

(10.50)

4.207

.000

 IADL

22.98

(3.36)

20.22

(4.66)

4.475

.000

Outcome measures

      

 LSI-A

14.64

(2.15)

8.46

(2.82)

16.377

.000

 GDS

1.89

(1.75)

6.68

(2.87)

-12.917

.000

 RSES

8.52

(1.42)

5.62

(2.17)

10.244

.000

 GHS

8.07

(2.60)

13.62

(5.35)

-8.214

.000

  1. Note :1. LSI-A = Life Satisfaction Scale, GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale, RSES = Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, GHQ = General Health Questionnaire, BI = Modified Barthel Index, IADL = Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, LSNS = Lubben Social Network Scale.
  2. 2. *Multiple-response items between clusters were tested with two-proportion z-test.
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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