Skip to main content

Table 3 Description of Interventions

From: Effectiveness of a primary care based multifactorial intervention to improve frailty parameters in the elderly: a randomised clinical trial: rationale and study design

3.1 Description of the rehabilitation therapy

Basic exercise

Alternative exercise

Muscle group

â–ª Chest Press against elastic resistance - sitting on a chair

â–ª Chest Press against the wall

â–ª Pectoral muscles

â–ª Reverse Butterfly against elastic resistance - sitting on a chair

 

â–ª Upper back muscles

â–ª Arm press against elastic resistance - sitting on a chair

â–ª Arm press against elastic resistance - standing position

â–ª Muscles of the arms, and shoulders

â–ª Stand up with palms on thighs - sitting on a chair

â–ª Stand up using hand weighs - sitting on a chair

â–ª Quadricep, hamstring, and gluteal muscles

â–ª Lift the legs with hands on hips - sitting on a chair

 

â–ª Hip flexor muscles

â–ª Hip abduction/adduction - sitting on a chair

â–ª Hip abduction/adduction - standing position

â–ª Abductor/Adductor muscles

â–ª Knee flexion - sitting on a chair

â–ª Knee flexion - standing position

â–ª Hamstring muscles

â–ª Knee extension - sitting on a chair

 

â–ªQuadricep muscles

â–ª Heel raises - sitting on a chair

â–ª Heel raises - standing position

â–ª Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

3.2 Description of the memory workshops

 

Memory

Language

Sensory activation

Reasoning and calculation

Short and Long-Term Visual Memory

Evocation of words beginning with different letters

Series of logical visual pattern recognition

Gnosia and praxia different developing techniques (reproduction of pragmatic models)

Short and Long-Term Written Memory

Crosswords

Marking edge of silhouettes

Letters and numbers matching through Maze Paths

Short and Long-Term Oral Memory

Completeness of unfinished sentences

Coloring components of Hidden Figures Test

Executive functions enhancing: abstract concepts of similar but different objects

Short and Long-Term Musical Memory

Oral communication with clue words

Spot the differences between two pictures

Identification of the inappropriate word in a pool of words

Working memory: identification of hidden figures test

Word search

Picture copies execution

Reading and exclusion of senseless sentences

Memorize an image and draw it from memory

Synonyms and antonyms

Objects, materials and sounds recognition with closed eyes

Filling the gap

True/False sentences

Matching words and their meaning

Group interaction by singing and musical performances

Numerical skills practice: operations and mental agility

Logos recognition

Visual-verb generation task: denomination of images, objects, parts of the human body

Famous faces recognition

 

Geographical memory practice

Rearrange letters to form a word and rearrange words to form grammatical sentences

  

3.3 Description of the polymedication review

Who does the intervention?

What are the objectives and criteria?

How is the intervention performed?

2 doctors from the Project Group.

To reduce drug prescription of polymedicated patients* if possible, following :

A personalized e-mail is sent to each GP responsible for the patient participating in the intervention group throughout the first week of patient inclusion.

-Stopp criteria,

Depending on the baseline drug prescription at the beginning of the study.

Every e-mail considers the individual profile of the patient referred and tries to adapt the general criteria to each particular case.

The GP who regularly attends the intervention patient performs both reduction and re-education of unnecessary drugs. This approach should be done in a maximum of 3 clinical interviews specifically designed for this subject.

   

E-mail content suggests the most recommended changes but the final decision corresponds to the discretion of the physician responsible for the patient.

  1. *Polymedicated Patient: one that takes more than five drugs daily and continuously for a period not less than six months.