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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the total sample as a function of subsequent deterioration in ability to perform BADL and IADL

From: Factors related to functional prognosis in elderly patients after accidental hip fractures: a prospective cohort study

Variable

BADL performance

IADL performance

 

Deteriorated (n = 397)

Not deteriorated (n = 160)

p-value

Deteriorated (n = 418)

Not deteriorated (n = 139)

p-value

Age; mean(SD)

84.7(6.8)

79.5 (6.6)

<0.0001

84.8 (6.6)

78.3 (6.7)

0.004

Sex

      

Female

332 (84)

138 (86)

0.440

348 (83)

122 (88)

0.204

Comorbidities

      

Yes

364 (95)

139 (88)

0.008

383(94)

120 (88)

0.009

Chalson Index

      

0

21 (6)

19 (12)

0.0003

23 (6)

17 (12)

0.0002

1

48 (12)

34 (22)

 

51 (12)

31 (23)

 

≥2

316 (82)

105 (66)

 

332 (82)

89 (65)

 

Current medication use

      

None

19 (5)

18 (11)

0.0001

21 (5)

18 (13)

0.0004

1-3 medications

194 (49)

98 (62)

 

212 (51)

80 (58)

 

≥ 4 medications

178 (45)

43 (27)

 

181 (44)

40 (29)

 

Level of education

      

Illiterate

15 (4)

1 (1)

0.004

14 (3)

2 (1)

0.001

Able to read & write

211 (54)

64 (40)

 

225 (55)

50 (36)

 

Primary education

140 (36)

80 (50)

 

147 (36)

73 (53)

 

Secondary education

17 (4)

10 (6)

 

19 (4)

8 (6)

 

University qualifications

8 (2)

4 (3)

 

7 (2)

5 (4)

 

Pre-fall living status

      

Alone

12 (3)

13 (8)

 

13 (3)

12 (9)

0.020

Alone, receiving social support

118 (30)

42 (26)

 

125 (30)

35 (25)

 

With a relative

264 (67)

105 (66)

0.003

227 (67)

92 (66)

 

Pre-fall institutional help

      

Yes

103 (27)

12 (8)

<0.0001

101 (25)

14 (10)

0.0002

  1. Values in cells are frequency (percentage) unless otherwise stated. For variables with missing data frequencies do not add up to N. SD: standard deviation. Patients’ ability to perform basic activities of daily living (BADL) was assessed using the Barthel Index; their functional status was considered to have deteriorated if they obtained post-fall scores of <90 points or a pre-post score decrease of more than 10%. Patients’ ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was assessed using the Lawton Scale; their functional status was considered to have deteriorated if they obtained post-fall scores of <5 points or a pre-post score decrease of 2 points. For binary variables only one category is presented. The p-value columns refer to comparisons between patients whose functional status had and had not deteriorated considering the results of each questionnaire separately.