Table 2 Prevalence of risk factors and their association with falls according to adjusted multiple regression analysis, expressed as odds ratios (OR), n= 1763

Medical and psychological

Heart disease

No

1169/85

203/15

1.70

1.26

1.36

Yes

299/77

88/23

(1.28 - 2.24)

(0.94 - 1.69)

(1.00 - 1.83)

Heart failure with symptoms

No

1369/84.5

252/15.5

2.81

1.76

1.88

Yes

60/65.9

31/34.1

(1.78 - 4.42)

(1.10 - 2.83)

(1.17 - 3.04)

Stroke

No

1368/84.3

255/15.7

2.03

1.38

1.51

Yes

98/72.6

37/27.4

(1.36 - 3.03)

(0.91 - 2.10)

(0.98 - 2.30)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

No

1441/83.5

285/16.5

1.45

1.32

1.33

Yes

28/77.8

8/22.2

(0.65 - 3.20)

(0.59 - 2.97)

(0.59 - 2.99)

Diabetes, type 1

No

1455/83.3

291/16.7

0.50

0.54

0.50

Yes

10/90.9

1/9.1

(0.06 - 3.92)

(0.07 - 4.40)

(0.06 - 4.17)

Osteoporosis-related fracture

No

1330/84.1

252/15.9

1.53

1.01

0.85

Yes

135/77.6

39/22.4

(1.04 - 2.23)

(0.68 - 1.51)

(0.56 - 1.29)

Hip fracture

No

1432/83.7

279/16.3

2.44

1.59

1.53

Yes

21/67.7

10/32.3

(1.14 - 5.25)

(0.72 - 3.54)

(0.68 - 3.43)

Osteoarthritis of hip and/or knee

No

1230/85.0

217/15.0

1.80

1.55

1.54

Yes

240/75.9

76/24.1

(1.34 - 2.41)

(1.14 - 2.10)

(1.14 - 2.10)

Dementia

No

1396/83.9

268/16.1

1.93

1.21

1.30

Yes

27/73.0

10/27.0

(0.92 - 4.03)

(0.56 - 2.59)

(0.60 - 2.82)

Epilepsy

No

1452/83.4

289/16.6

0.39

0.35

0.33

Yes

13/92.9

1/7.1

(0.05 - 2.97)

(0.04 - 2.80)

(0.04 - 2.63)

Parkinson’s disease

No

1462/83.5

289/16.5

1.01

0.45

0.52

Yes

5/83.3

1/16.7

(0.12 - 8.69)

(0.05 - 3.93)

(0.06 - 4.59)

Anaemia

No

1343/83.8

260/16.2

1.54

0.96

1.26

Yes

77/77.0

23/23.0

(0.95 – 2.50)

(0.58 – 1.58)

(0.75 – 2.13)

Depression

No

1201/84.2

226/15.8

1.32

1.50

1.35

Yes

241/80.1

60/19.9

(0.96 - 1.82)

(1.08 - 2.08)

(0.97 - 1.88)

Psychosis

No

1426/83.4

283/16.6

1.22

1.40

1.37

Yes

33/80.5

8/19.5

(0.56 - 2.67)

(0.62 - 3.14)

(0.61 - 3.08)

Cognitive impairment

No

1330/84.4

246/15.6

2.03

1.32

1.32

Yes

101/72.7

38/27.3

(1.37 – 3.03)

(0.87 – 2.01)

(0.87 – 2.02)

Sleeping disorders

No

939/85.4

161/14.6

1.46

1.40

1.30

Yes

528/80.0

132/20.0

(1.13 - 1.88)

(1.08 - 1.82)

(0.99 - 1.69)

Medication use

Sedative and hypnotic drugs

No

853/82.5

181/17.5

1.70

1.35

1.28

Yes

183/73.5

66/26.5

(1.23 - 2.35)

(0.97 - 1.89)

(0.91 - 1.79)

Neuroleptic drugs

No

1026/81.0

241/19.0

2.55

3.62

3.30

Yes

10/62.5

6/37.5

(0.92 - 7.10)

(1.27 - 10.36)

(1.15 - 9.43)

Anticholinergic drugs

No

998/80.6

240/19.4

0.77

0.65

0.66

Yes

38/84.4

7/15.6

(0.34 - 1.74)

(0.28 - 1.49)

(0.29 - 1.53)

Antihypertensive drugs

No

918/81.0

215/19.0

1.16

1.08

1.16

Yes

118/78.7

32/21.3

(0.76 - 1.76)

(0.70 - 1.65)

(0.75 - 1.79)

Diuretic drugs

No

736/82.8

153/17.2

1.51

1.16

1.19

Yes

300/76.1

94/23.9

(1.13 - 2.01)

(0.86 - 1.57)

(0.87 - 1.61)

Use of fall risk drugs

No

983/87.1

145/12.9

2.06

1.50

1.48

Yes

487/76.7

148/23.3

(1.60 - 2.66)

(1.15 - 1.97)

(1.13 - 1.94)

Use of other drugs

No

921/82.6

194/17.4

0.86

0.99

0.96

Yes

549/84.7

99/15.3

(0.66 - 1.12)

(0.75 - 1.30)

(0.73 - 1.27)

Sensory and neuromuscular

Vertigo

No

1018/85.5

173/14.5

1.56

1.44

1.36

Yes

452/79.0

120/21.0

(1.21 – 2.02)

(1.10 – 1.87)

(1.04 – 1.78)

Current pain

No

663/85.3

114/14.7

1.32

1.34

1.29

Yes

787/81.6

178/18.4

(1.02 – 1.70)

(1.03 – 1.75)

(0.99 – 1.68)

Urine incontinence

No

1234/84.9

219/15.1

1.89

1.49

1.31

Yes

200/74.9

67/25.1

(1.38 - 2.58)

(1.08 - 2.06)

(0.94 - 1.82)

Nocturia

No

1366/84.5

251/15.5

2.80

1.95

1.75

Yes

68/66.0

35/34.0

(1.82 - 4.30)

(1.25 - 3.05)

(1.12 - 2.75)

Balance and mobility

Tendency to fall

No

1335/84.1

253/15.9

1.58

1.28

1.27

Yes

134/77.0

40/23.0

(1.08 – 2.30)

(0.87 – 1.90)

(0.86 – 1.88)

Pain during movement

No

621/85.5

105/14.5

1.31

1.39

1.30

Yes

849/81.9

188/18.1

(1.01 – 1.70)

(1.06 – 1.82)

(0.99 – 1.70)

Impaired mobility

No

1343/85.2

233/14.8

3.03

1.65

1.50

Yes

101/65.6

53/34.4

(2.11 - 4.34)

(1.11 - 2.45)

(1.00 - 2.24)

Low walking speed

No

851/90.4

90/9.6

2.97

2.02

1.77

Yes

554/76.1

174/23.9

(2.25 - 3.91)

(1.47 - 2.78)

(1.28 - 2.46)

Low physical activity

No

1227/84.9

219/15.1

1.76

1.28

1.32

Yes

223/76.1

70/23.9

(1.30 - 2.39)

(0.93 - 1.76)

(0.95 - 1.83)

Environmental and sociodemographic

Living alone

No

931/87.2

137/12.8

1.97

1.46

1.29

Yes

539/77.6

156/22.4

(1.53 - 2.53)

(1.12 - 1.91)

(0.98 - 1.71)

Residential home

No

1444/83.7

281/16.3

3.74

1.77

1.81

Yes

11/57.9

8/42.1

(1.49 - 9.38)

(0.69 - 4.53)

(0.69 - 4.72)

Outdoor adaptation

No

317/84.8

57/15.2

1.14

1.04

1.04

Yes

999/83.0

205/17.0

(0.83 - 1.57)

(0.75 - 1.44)

(0.75 - 1.45)

Indoor adaptation

No

1099/85.9

181/14.1

1.83

1.50

1.45

Yes

371/76.8

112/23.2

(1.41 - 2.39)

(1.14 - 1.97)

(1.10 - 1.91)

Functional ability

Dependence in

No

1302/84.3

243/15.7

1.89

1.33

1.47

iADL

Yes

125/74.0

44/26.0

(1.30 – 2.73)

(0.90 – 1.96)

(0.99 – 2.18)

Dependence in

No

1131/85.4

193/14.6

1.86

1.49

1.35

pADL

Yes

296/75.9

94/24.1

(1.41 – 2.46)

(1.12 – 1.99)

(1.00 – 1.81)