Table 4 Association of variables with risk of any fall, by severity of fall, among institutionalized older adults in Madrid, Spain

Male gender

0.99 (0.54-1.81)

1.25 (0.54-2.88)

0.60

Age (per 5 y)

0.92 (0.72-1.17)

1.00 (0.72-1.38)

0.67

No spouse

1.25 (0.60-2.62)

2.60 (0.62-10.87)

0.28

Education

0.54

 Primary

1.61 (0.81-3.20)

0.85 (0.31-2.32)

 Secondary or higher

1.47 (0.54-3.99)

1.08 (0.29-4.03)

Length of stay (years)

0.95

  0-2

1.00

1.00

  3-5

1.27 (0.58-2.79)

1.01 (0.30-3.42)

  ≥ 6

1.41 (0.61-3.24)

1.22 (0.37-4.05)

Facility size (per 50 beds)

1.08 0.99-1.17)

1.12 (0.95-1.32)

0.58

Facility ownership

0.52

 Public

1.00

1.00

 Subsidized

0.74 (0.35-1.55)

1.07 (0.31-3.69)

 Private

0.64 (0.31-1.33)

0.43 (0.14-1.38)

No. of diseases

1.40 (1.26-1.55)

1.47 (1.17-1.84)

0.68

No. of medications

1.31 (1.19-1.44)

1.17 (1.01-1.36)

0.22

Antidepressant use

3.94 (1.87-8.30)

1.28 (0.29-5.64)

0.16

Anxiolytic use

1.53 (0.74-3.20)

0.84 (0.27-2.63)

0.22

Hypnotic use

0.60 (0.19-1.88)

0.41 (0.07-2.28)

0.69

Antipsychotic use

0.99 (0.37-2.68)

0.71 (0.17-3.01)

0.69

Functional dependence

0.89

 Independent (100^c)

1.00

1.00

 Mild (91-99)

1.15 (0.44-2.97)

2.50 (0.21-29.45)

 Moderate (61-90)

2.44 (0.80-7.42)

4.72 (0.78-28.49)

 Severe/Total (0-60)

2.79 (0.78-10.01)

6.67 (0.89-49.95)

Use of cane

2.21 (1.02-4.82)

0.85 (0.28-2.62)

0.14

Use of walker

1.22 (0.49-3.06)

2.16 (0.61-7.68)

0.47

Behavioral problems

1.30 (0.53-3.19)

0.76 (0.23-2.47)

0.46

Cognitive status

0.55

  Normal (≤2^d)

1.00

1.00

  Mild (3-4)

0.77 (0.26-2.28)

1.64 (0.39-6.99)

  Moderate (5-7)

0.91 (0.37-2.19)

0.34 (0.05-2.39)

  Severe (≥8)

1.84 (0.47-7.23)

1.46 (0.31-7.01)

Vision problems

1.63 (0.82-3.26)

0.68 (0.11-4.15)

0.37

Hearing problems

0.95 (0.29-3.14)

1.80 (0.45-7.10)

0.43

Insomnia

1.91 (0.92-3.96)

0.78 (0.28-2.15)

0.18

Urinary incontinence

2.74 (1.42-5.30)

1.34 (0.49-3.66)

0.20

Physical restraint

0.88 (0.30-2.56)

1.00 (0.27-3.75)

0.85

Poor self-rated health

1.76 (0.95-3.28)

1.32 (0.49-3.55)

0.65

Poor physician-rated health

2.20 (1.24-3.90)

2.77 (0.78-9.81)

0.73

Depressive symptoms

1.17 (1.03-1.33)

1.14 (0.94-1.38)

0.82

Cancer

2.46 (0.99-6.14)

2.94 (0.97-8.92)

0.77

Obstructive pulmonary disease

1.77 (0.88-3.57)

4.26 (1.35-13.46)

0.19

Arrhythmias

2.48 (1.13-5.47)

3.46 (1.32-9.02)

0.54

Hypertension

1.18 (0.61-2.30)

3.02 (1.05-8.68)

0.13

Ischemic heart disease

1.19 (0.51-2.79)

0.79 (0.23-2.74)

0.59

Congestive heart failure

1.73 (0.89-3.35)

1.75 (0.63-4.87)

0.98

Peripheral arterial disease

1.93 (1.06-3.49)

3.23 (1.23-8.52)

0.34

Stroke in past year

2.18 (0.64-7.46)

0.42 (0.05-3.83)

0.22

Diabetes

1.24 (0.58-2.64)

1.09 (0.33-3.62)

0.87

Anemia

2.55 (1.26-5.17)

1.67 (0.75-3.74)

0.40

Alzheimer's disease

0.94 (0.39-2.29)

0.23 (0.02-2.36)

0.20

Other dementias

0.94 (0.39-2.23)

1.41 (0.51-3.89)

0.43

Parkinson's disease

1.63 (0.69-3.84)

0.84 (0.18-3.95)

0.47

Epilepsy

1.64 (0.52-5.16)

3.89 (0.82-18.47)

0.34

Depression

3.70 (1.95-7.03)

1.80 (0.64-5.02)

0.20

Anxiety disorder

2.51 (1.50-4.20)

2.04 (0.90-4.64)

0.65

Arthritis

1.65 (0.85-3.19)

3.68 (1.00-13.58)

0.24