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Table 3 Lower care level and higher care level by characteristics of study participants

From: Factors associated with the use of home-visit nursing services covered by the long-term care insurance in rural Japan: a cross-sectional study

 

Lower Care-needs level Group1 (n = 1,067)

Higher Care-needs level Group2 (n = 209)

χ 2

p-value

 

n

%

n

%

  

Sex

      

Female

830

88.7

106

11.3

65.5268

< .0001**

Male

237

69.7

103

30.3

  

Age

      

< 75

143

69.8

62

30.2

34.2783

< .0001**

75

924

86.3

147

13.7

  

Income Level

      

Lower income level3

1020

84.3

190

15.7

3.1929

0.0740

Higher income level4

39

75.0

13

25.0

  

Conditions that caused a need for LTC

      

Respiratory or heart disease

60

83.3

12

16.7

0.0038

0.9505

Others

1000

83.6

196

16.4

  

Regular hospital visits before entry into the LTCI

      

Yes

429

77.6

124

22.4

26.0288

< .0001**

No

638

88.2

85

11.8

  

Period of needing care

      

< 2 years

481

88.1

65

11.9

14.0790

0.0002**

2 years

571

80.2

141

19.8

  

Caregiver’s sex

      

Female

420

71.6

167

28.4

15.7563

< .0001**

Male

192

85.0

34

15.0

  

Caregiver/applicant dyad

      

Wife/Husband (living with)

205

67.4

99

32.6

74.8750

< .0001**

Others

829

88.7

106

11.3

  

Clients living with family or not

      

Living alone

517

95.9

22

4.1

105.0940

< .0001**

Living with family

537

74.3

186

25.7

  

Corporation type of care management agency

      

Medical

282

79.0

75

21.0

7.7551

0.0054**

Non-medical

785

85.4

134

14.6

  

VNS use

      

Yes

60

56.6

46

43.4

61.6074

< .0001**

No

1007

86.1

163

13.9

  

Home-Help Service use

      

Yes

344

82.5

73

17.5

0.5741

0.4486

No

723

84.2

136

15.8

  
  1. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 Using the chi-squared test.
  2. 1 Lower care-needs level group: Support-required/care levels 1–2.
  3. 2 Higher care-needs level group: Care levels 3–5.
  4. 3 Lower income level: not paying personal income tax.
  5. 4 Higher income level: paying personal income tax.