Table 2 Psychosocial variables by gender group¹

TCI subscales

Self-directness (SD)

29.4 (7.59)

29.14 (7.02)

0.67

Range

13-42

14-41

Self-transcendence (SD)

16.73 (6.32)

16.75 (5.61)

0.66

Range

4-38

4-31

Harm avoidance (SD)

14.71 (6.82)

15.67 (6.58)

0.23

Range

2-31

2-32

Reward dependence (SD)

14.2 (4.26)

15.41 (4.3)

0.009*

Range

2-22

3-23

HLC subscales

Internal HLC (SD)

21.36 (4.85)

21.19 (4.29)

0.598

Range

6-30

5-30

External HLC (SD)

21.6 (5.43)

21.81 (5.06)

0.772

Range

9-36

6-35

IPP subscales

Adaptability (SD)

26.58 (6.03)

27.92 (5.77)

0.027*

Range

11-40

10-41

Spirituality (SD)

36.83 (6.54)

38.25 (5.45)

0.059

Range

12-45

17-45

Optimism (SD)

38.02 (7.45)

36.15 (7.6)

0.011*

Range

16-50

14-50