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Table 3 Odds ratios for falls and fall-related fractures by SRRST category and confounders

From: Relationship between subjective fall risk assessment and falls and fall-related fractures in frail elderly people

 

Single fall

Recurrent falls

Fractures

 

Model 1

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 2

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 1

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 2

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 1

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Model 2

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Subjective risk rating of specific tasks

No risk, 0 points

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Low risk, 1-2 points

2.65 (2.14-3.28)

2.40 (1.94-2.98)

4.17 (2.88-6.06)

3.88 (2.67-5.64)

1.80 (1.03-3.15)*

1.77 (1.01-3.12)*

Moderate risk, 3-4 points

5.06 (4.11-6.23)

4.21 (3.39-5.23)

9.11 (6.36-13.05)

7.94 (5.5-11.47)

3.24 (1.91-5.48)

3.22 (1.86-5.57)

High risk, ≥ 5 points

7.56 (6.07-9.42)

6.15 (4.85-7.8)

17.71 (12.32-25.45)

15.04 (10.29-22)

4.65 (2.73-7.94)

5.05 (2.83-9.03)

P for trend

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Potential confounding factors

Age, years

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

1.01 (1.00-1.02)

1.01 (0.99-1.02)

1.00 (0.99-1.02)

1.02 (1.00-1.05)*

1.03 (1.01-1.05)*

Sex, female

0.97 (0.84-1.11)

0.94 (0.81-1.09)

0.91 (0.77-1.08)

0.89 (0.74-1.06)

1.72 (1.19-2.50)

1.76 (1.20-2.58)

History of stroke with symptoms of hemiparesis

 

1.04 (0.88-1.22)

 

0.88 (0.72-1.08)

 

1.32 (0.91-1.93)

Knee osteoarthritis with pain

 

1.28 (1.12-1.47)

 

1.31 (1.11-1.54)

 

1.00 (0.73-1.37)

Parkinson disease

 

1.44 (1.14-1.81)

 

1.51 (1.16-1.96)

 

1.10 (0.64-1.88)

Dementia

 

0.93 (0.81-1.08)

 

0.95 (0.80-1.14)

 

0.87 (0.62-1.22)

Poor vision

 

1.05 (0.87-1.27)

 

1.00 (0.80-1.25)

 

0.87 (0.56-1.34)

Urinary incontinence or frequency

 

1.09 (0.95-1.26)

 

1.06 (0.89-1.26)

 

0.96 (0.69-1.34)

Use of psychotropics

 

1.22 (1.06-1.40)

 

1.07 (0.90-1.28)

 

0.95 (0.68-1.32)

Use of walking aid

 

1.20 (1.05-1.38)

 

1.14 (0.96-1.35)

 

1.07 (0.78-1.47)

Absence of habitual exercise

 

1.04 (0.90-1.19)

 

1.15 (0.96-1.37)

 

0.81 (0.59-1.12)

Daily use of slippers or sandals

 

1.23 (1.06-1.43)

 

0.81 (0.67-0.98)*

 

1.67 (1.21-2.30)

C-index, value (95% CI)

0.68 (0.66-0.70)

0.70 (0.68-0.71)

0.72 (0.71-0.74)

0.74 (0.72-0.75)

0.67 (0.63-0.71)

0.69 (0.65-0.73)

Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p value

0.51

0.48

0.72

0.57

0.72

0.12

  1. *p < .05, p < .01
  2. Odds ratios in the SRRST category were calculated in the low, moderate, and high risk relative to the no risk.