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Table 1 Number of participants with falls and fall-related fractures and odds ratios of potential risk factors

From: Relationship between subjective fall risk assessment and falls and fall-related fractures in frail elderly people

 

Single fall

Recurrent falls

Fractures

 

Number (%)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Number (%)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Number (%)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Subjective risk rating of specific tasks

Risk of falls during walking, yes

1068 (41.5)

2.21 (2.01-2.43)

633 (24.6)

3.15 (2.71-3.66)

123 (4.8)

1.83 (1.36-2.46)

Risk of falls during transferring, yes

823 (41.7)

1.80 (1.66-1.96)

504 (25.5)

2.43 (2.14-2.76)

103 (5.2)

1.89 (1.43-2.51)

Risk of falls during toileting, yes

568 (42.9)

1.66 (1.53-1.80)

361 (27.3)

2.18 (1.93-2.47)

65 (4.9)

1.49 (1.11-2.00)

Risk of falls during stair ascending/descending, yes

1140 (39.2)

2.13 (1.93-2.36)

685 (23.6)

3.55 (2.99-4.22)

139 (4.8)

2.10 (1.53-2.90)

Risk of falls during wandering, yes

453 (44.9)

1.68 (1.55-1.83)

2.89 (28.7)

2.16 (1.90-2.44)

66 (6.5)

2.18 (1.63-2.91)

Risk of falls because of risky behaviors, yes

672 (41.6)

1.66 (1.53-1.80)

424 (26.3)

2.24 (1.98-2.54)

79 (4.9)

1.55 (1.17-2.06)

Risk of falls because of agitation, yes

479 (45.0)

1.70 (1.57-1.85)

316 (29.7)

2.32 (2.05-2.62)

55 (5.2)

1.55 (1.14-2.11)

Potential confounding factors

Age, years

Falls or fractures

82.9 ± 7.5

83.0 ± 7.5

84.3 ± 6.9

   No falls or fractures

82.5 ± 7.4

82.6 ± 7.4

82.6 ± 7.4

Sex, female

1062 (30.1)

0.97

(0.89-1.06)

560 (15.8)

0.90

(0.79-1.03)

151 (4.3)

1.77

(1.24-2.52)

Stroke, yes

345 (32.0)

1.07 (0.97-1.18)

175 (16.2)

0.99 (0.85-1.16)

41 (3.8)

1.03 (0.74-1.45)

Knee osteoarthritis and pain, yes

659 (36.7)

1.36 (1.26-1.48)

362 (20.1)

1.41 (1.25-1.60)

77 (4.3)

1.26 (0.95-1.67)

Dementia, yes

670 (34.3)

1.23 (1.13-1.34)

387 (19.8)

1.40 (1.23-1.58)

80 (4.1)

1.18 (0.89-1.57)

Poor vision, yes

239 (37.9)

1.30 (1.16-1.45)

131 (20.8)*

1.32 (1.12-1.56)

26 (4.1)

1.13 (0.74-1.73)

Parkinson disease, yes

163 (44.7)

1.53 (1.35-1.73)

104 (28.5)

1.85 (1.55-2.20)

16 (4.4)

1.20 (0.73-1.98)

Use of psychotropics, yes

525 (37.0)

1.33 (1.22-1.45)

283 (19.9)

1.33 (1.17-1.52)

57 (4.0)

1.12 (0.82-1.51)

Urinary incontinence or frequency, yes

702 (36.2)

1.35 (1.25-1.47)

403 (20.8)

1.53 (1.35-1.73)

82 (4.2)

1.24 (0.94-1.65)

Absence of habitual exercise, yes

975 (33.7)

1.31 (1.20-1.43)

561 (19.4)

1.58 (1.38-1.81)

110 (3.8)

1.06 (0.80-1.41)

Use of slippers or sandals, yes

415 (36.3)

1.27 (1.16-1.39)

185 (16.2)

0.99 (0.85-1.14)

63 (5.5)

1.73 (1.28-2.32)

Use of walking aid, yes

887 (36.7)

1.49 (1.37-1.63)

492 (20.3)

1.60 (1.41-1.82)

109 (4.5)

1.51 (1.14-2.01)

  1. *p < .05, p < .01, Mean ± standard deviation