Table 3 Occurrence of the individual deficits and their odds radio for 8-year death

Psychological problems

don't have much energy

53.9

2.24 (1.79-2.80)**

64.5

1.80 (1.41-2.28) **

fell less useful

54.8

2.62 (2.09-3.28) **

70.3

2.10 (1.62-2.72) **

don't feel a lot of fun in life

37.4

1.37 (1.10-1.71) **

38.6

1.17 (0.94-1.46)

don't feel very happy

19.6

1.87 (1.43-2.43) **

23.5

1.95 (1.51-2.50) **

feel nothing to do

18.9

2.02 (1.55-2.63) **

24.9

1.71 (1.35-2.18) **

Diseases

hypertension

18.9

1.17 (0.90-1.51)

21.5

0.83 (0.65-1.07)

coronary heart disease

14.7

0.96 (0.72-1.28)

16.3

0.79 (0.60-1.05)

stroke

7.0

2.02 (1.37-2.97) **

4.3

2.86 (1.77-4.63) **

TIA/small stroke

1.9

0.67 (0.31-1.47)

1.3

1.39 (0.59-3.26)

arthritis

5.5

0.87 (0.55-1.37)

7.7

0.56 (0.37-0.86) **

thyroid disease

0.6

1.67 (0.48-5.78)

1.7

0.66 (0.28-1.56)

glaucoma

1.8

1.01 (0.48-2.16)

2.9

0.90 (0.49-1.68)

cataract

11.4

0.86 (0.63-1.20)

12.3

1.12 (0.82-1.52)

Symptoms

urinary incontinence

10.8

2.71 (1.96-3.74) **

27.8

1.65 (1.32-2.06) **

falls

8.3

2.31 (1.61-3.31) **

13.6

1.80 (1.36-2.40) **

fracture

5.6

1.80 (1.17-2.75) **

8.9

1.12 (0.79-1.60)

tremor

7.3

1.64 (1.12-2.39) *

7.1

1.30 (0.88-1.91)

don't hear clearly

21.9

2.98 (2.33-3.80) **

17.6

3.41 (2.63-4.41) **

wear a hearing aid

2.0

0.55 (0.24-1.23)

1.0

1.09 (0.40-2.96)

use a walking stick

17.2

7.34 (5.44-9.91) **

21.3

7.20 (5.55-9.33) **

ADL and IADL disabilities

need help with eating

1.6

12.60 (3.75-42.26) **

2.1

16.30 (5.72-46.41)**

need help with grooming

1.9

8.98 (3.43-23.50) **

2.6

21.40 (7.62-60.12)**

need help with dressing

2.3

11.16 (4.33-28.81) **

2.6

16.64 (6.52-42.47)**

need help with getting on/off bed

2.3

10.80 (4.17-27.92) **

3.1

20.37 (8.05-51.52)**

need help with bathing

6.5

9.77 (5.74-16.60) **

9.8

8.17 (5.59-11.94) **

need help with moving in house

2.7

13.40 (5.24-34.24) **

3.8

13.14 (6.44-26.81)**

need help with cooking meals

18.6

7.48 (5.60-10.00) **

17.0

7.88 (5.91-10.52) **

need help with managing money

10.5

7.45 (5.07-10.95) **

16.4

6.28 (4.73-8.33) **

need help with taking a bus

18.3

7.72 (5.75-10.36) **

36.4

5.33 (4.28-6.65) **

need help with shopping

12.2

8.25 (5.73-11.90) **

20.3

5.96 (4.63-7.75) **

need help with walking 300 meters

8.3

7.33 (4.77-11.28) **

16.0

6.37 (4.79-8.49) **

need help with up/down stairs

10.9

8.97 (6.04-13.31) **

19.5

7.91 (6.03-10.38)**

need help in running housework

51.0

2.31 (1.87-2.84) **

39.2

3.52 (2.85-4.36) **

need any other personal care

4.3

9.58 (4.99-18.41) **

6.4

6.63 (4.23-10.40)**

MMSE scores

33.7

3.63 (2.73-4.83) **

62.6

4.06 (2.89-5.71) **